Multiobjective genetic algorithm inversion of ground deformation and gravity changes spanning the 1981 eruption of Etna volcano
During the last few decades, joint investigations of microgravity and surface deformation measurements have played an increasingly important role in studying the internal dynamics of active volcanoes. Deformation and microgravity observations have been accomplished at Mt Etna since the eighties. Pas...
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| Vydáno v: | Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth Ročník 113; číslo B7 |
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Washington, DC
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.07.2008
American Geophysical Union |
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| ISSN: | 0148-0227, 2156-2202 |
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| Abstract | During the last few decades, joint investigations of microgravity and surface deformation measurements have played an increasingly important role in studying the internal dynamics of active volcanoes. Deformation and microgravity observations have been accomplished at Mt Etna since the eighties. Past data sets collected during important paroxysmal events can be utilized as case‐studies to both (1) test the possibilities of nowadays more powerful inversion tools and improved analytical formulations to model the source‐mechanisms of volcano‐related deformation and gravity changes and (2) in turn obtain new insights into the functioning of the plumbing system of the volcano. Here we analyze a data set spanning the March 1981 eruption of Mt. Etna. Large horizontal displacements were evidenced on the NE and SW flanks of the volcano through electrooptical distance measurements (EDM) during two 20‐month periods, both encompassing the March 1981 eruption. Elevation changes, evidenced through leveling measurements, during a 12‐month period spanning the eruption, were in general smaller than horizontal displacements with important amplitudes only close to the eruptive fissure. Gravity measurements, carried out together with leveling measurements, evidenced positive changes, spatially well correlated with elevation changes, but having a larger wavelength. The joint inversion of the multimethod geophysical data is regarded as a multiobjective optimization problem and solved through a Genetic Algorithm technique of the nondominated type. We conclude that a composite intrusive mechanism with two tensile cracks, each associated to a zone where preexisting microfractures were filled with new magma, leaded to the 1981 eruption. The results of the present study highlight the advantages of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, as a powerful tool to jointly invert multimethod geophysical data, and pose important issues on the subject of volcano‐monitoring. |
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| AbstractList | During the last few decades, joint investigations of microgravity and surface deformation measurements have played an increasingly important role in studying the internal dynamics of active volcanoes. Deformation and microgravity observations have been accomplished at Mt Etna since the eighties. Past data sets collected during important paroxysmal events can be utilized as case-studies to both (1) test the possibilities of nowadays more powerful inversion tools and improved analytical formulations to model the source-mechanisms of volcano-related deformation and gravity changes and (2) in turn obtain new insights into the functioning of the plumbing system of the volcano. Here we analyze a data set spanning the March 1981 eruption of Mt. Etna. Large horizontal displacements were evidenced on the NE and SW flanks of the volcano through electrooptical distance measurements (EDM) during two 20-month periods, both encompassing the March 1981 eruption. Elevation changes, evidenced through leveling measurements, during a 12-month period spanning the eruption, were in general smaller than horizontal displacements with important amplitudes only close to the eruptive fissure. Gravity measurements, carried out together with leveling measurements, evidenced positive changes, spatially well correlated with elevation changes, but having a larger wavelength. The joint inversion of the multimethod geophysical data is regarded as a multiobjective optimization problem and solved through a Genetic Algorithm technique of the nondominated type. We conclude that a composite intrusive mechanism with two tensile cracks, each associated to a zone where preexisting microfractures were filled with new magma, leaded to the 1981 eruption. The results of the present study highlight the advantages of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, as a powerful tool to jointly invert multimethod geophysical data, and pose important issues on the subject of volcano-monitoring. |
| Author | Del Negro, Ciro Carbone, Daniele Currenti, Gilda |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniele surname: Carbone fullname: Carbone, Daniele organization: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Gilda surname: Currenti fullname: Currenti, Gilda organization: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Ciro surname: Del Negro fullname: Del Negro, Ciro email: delnegro@ct.ingv.it organization: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy |
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| Keywords | fissures wavelength models inverse problem joints eruptions volcanoes case studies magmas leveling monitoring lead Deformation measurement amplitude dynamics microfractures Genetic algorithm optimization displacements deformation Distance measurement Composite analysis Gravity |
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| References | Carbone, D., G. Currenti, and C. Del Negro (2006), Elastic model for the gravity and elevation changes prior to the 2001 eruption of Etna volcano, Bull. Volcanol., 69, 553-562, doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0090-5. Kieffer, G. (1982), L'éruption du 17 au 22 Mars 1981 de l'Etna: Sa signification dans l'évolution actuelle du volcan, Géol. Méditerr., 9, 59-67. Bonaccorso, A., S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro, and S. Falsaperla (Eds.) (2004), Etna Volcano Laboratory, vol. 143, AGU, Washington, D. C. Jousset, P., H. Mori, and H. Okada (2003), Elastic models for the magma intrusion associated with the 2000 eruption of Usu Volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 2607, 1-26. Zhdanov, M. S. (2002), Geophysical Inverse Theory and Regularization Problems, 628 pp., Elsevier, New York. Bonaccorso, A. (1999), The March 1981 Mt. Etna eruption inferred through ground deformation modeling, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 112, 125-136. Deb, K., A. Pratap, S. Agrawal, and T. Meyarivan (2002), A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., 6, 182-197. Scott, S. C. (1983), Variations in lava composition during the March 1981 eruption of Mt Etna and the implications of a compositional with earlier historic eruptions, Bull. Volcanol., 46, 393-411. Yang, X., and P. M. Davis (1986), Deformation due to a rectangular tension crack in an elastic half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 76, 865-881. Branca, S., and P. Del Carlo (2005), Types of eruptions of Etna volcano AD 1670-2003: Implications for short-term eruptive behaviour, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 732-742. Currenti, G., C. Del Negro, L. Fortuna, and G. Ganci (2007b), Integrated inversion of ground deformation and magnetic data at Etna volcano using a genetic algorithm technique, Ann. Geophys., 49(6), 1325-1334. Okada, Y. (1985), Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75, 1135-1154. Holland, J. H. (1975), Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, Univ. of Mich. Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. Tiampo, K. F., J. Fernandez, G. Jentzsch, M. Charco, and J. B. Rundle (2004), New results at Mayon, Philippines, from a joint of gravity and deformation measurements, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 1433-1452. Rymer, H., and G. C. Brown (1986), Gravity fields and their interpretation, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 27, 229-254. Battaglia, M., and P. Segall (2004), The interpretation of gravity changes and crustal deformation in active volcanic areas, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 1453-1467. Schwarzbach, C., R. Börner, and K. Spitzer (2005), Two-dimensional inversion of direct current resistivity data using a parallel, multi-objective genetic algorithm, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 685-695, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02702.x. Draper, N. R., and I. I. Smith (1981), Applied Regression Analysis, 2nd ed., 709 pp., John Wiley, New York. Okada, Y. (1992), Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82, 1018-1040. Goldberg, D. E. (1989), Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. Sanderson, T. J. O., G. Berrino, G. Corrado, and M. Grimaldi (1983), Ground deformation and gravity changes accompanying the March 1981 eruption of Mount Etna, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 16, 299-315. Tarantola, A. (1987), Inverse Problem Theory, 613 pp., Elsevier, Amsterdam. Cervelli, P., M. H. Murray, P. Segall, Y. Aoki, and T. Kato (2001), Estimating source parameters from deformation data, with an application to the March 1997 earthquake swarm off the Izu Peninsula, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B6), 11,217-11,237. Okubo, S. (1992), Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, J. Geophys. Res., 97(B5), 7137-7144. Beauducel, F., and H. F. Cornet (1999), Collection and three-dimensional modeling of GPS and tilt data at Merapi volcano, Java, J. Geophys. Res., 104(B1), 725-736. Bonafede, M., and M. Mazzanti (1998), Modelling gravity variations consistent with ground deformation in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 81, 137-157. Murray, M., G. Marshall, M. Lisowski, and R. Stein (1996), The 1992 M = 7 Cape Mendicino, California, earthquake: Coseismic deformation a the south end of the Cascadia megathrust, J. Geophys. Res., 101(B8), 17,707-17,725. Williams, C. A., and G. Wadge (2000), An accurate and efficient method for including the effects of topography in three-dimensional elastic models of ground deformation with applications to radar interferometry, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B4), 8103-8120. Boschetti, F., M. Dentith, and R. List (1996), Inversion of potential field data by genetic algorithms, Geophys. Prospect., 45, 461-478. Currenti, G., C. Del Negro, and G. Nunnari (2005), Inverse modelling of volcanomagnetic fields using a genetic algorithm technique, Geophys. J. Int., 163, 403-418. Bonaccorso, A., S. Cianetti, C. Giunchi, E. Trasatti, M. Bonafede, and E. Boschi (2005), Analytical and 3D numerical modeling of Mt. Etna (Italy) volcano inflation, Geophys J. Int., 163, 852-862. Budetta, G., and D. Carbone (1998), Temporal variations in gravity at Mt. Etna (Italy) associated with the 1989 and 1991 eruptions, Bull. Volcanol., 59, 311-326. Moorkamp, M., A. G. Jones, and D. W. Eaton (2007), Joint inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and magnetotelluric data using a genetic algorithm: Are seismic velocities and electrical conductivities compatible? Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16311, doi:10.1029/2007GL030519. Currenti, G., C. Del Negro, and G. Ganci (2007a), Modelling of ground deformation and gravity fields using finite element method: An application to Etna volcano, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 775-786, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03380.x. Owen, S., P. Segall, M. Lisowski, A. Miklius, R. Denlinger, and M. Sako (2000), Rapid deformation of Kilauea Volcano: Global Positioning System measurements between 1990 and 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B8), 18,983-18,998. Tiampo, K. F., J. B. Rundle, J. Fernandez, and J. Langbein (2000), Spherical and ellipsoidal volcanic sources at Long Valley Caldera, California using a genetic algorithm inversion technique, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 102, 189-206. 2007; 169 2004; 143 2005; 396 1986; 76 2002; 6 2004; 161 2005; 3410 1975 1981; 6 1998; 81 1993 2002 1992; 97 1999; 104 2003; 2607 2007; 34 1996; 101 1983; 16 2005; 67 2001; 106 1998; 59 2005; 162 2005; 163 2000; 102 2000 2000; 105 2006; 69 1982; 9 1986; 27 1987 1985 1982 1981 1999; 112 1985; 75 1992; 82 1983; 46 1996; 45 1989 2007; 49 |
| References_xml | – reference: Boschetti, F., M. Dentith, and R. List (1996), Inversion of potential field data by genetic algorithms, Geophys. Prospect., 45, 461-478. – reference: Bonaccorso, A., S. Calvari, M. Coltelli, C. Del Negro, and S. Falsaperla (Eds.) (2004), Etna Volcano Laboratory, vol. 143, AGU, Washington, D. C. – reference: Zhdanov, M. S. (2002), Geophysical Inverse Theory and Regularization Problems, 628 pp., Elsevier, New York. – reference: Okubo, S. (1992), Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, J. Geophys. Res., 97(B5), 7137-7144. – reference: Draper, N. R., and I. I. Smith (1981), Applied Regression Analysis, 2nd ed., 709 pp., John Wiley, New York. – reference: Bonaccorso, A. (1999), The March 1981 Mt. Etna eruption inferred through ground deformation modeling, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 112, 125-136. – reference: Sanderson, T. J. O., G. Berrino, G. Corrado, and M. Grimaldi (1983), Ground deformation and gravity changes accompanying the March 1981 eruption of Mount Etna, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 16, 299-315. – reference: Okada, Y. (1992), Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82, 1018-1040. – reference: Carbone, D., G. Currenti, and C. Del Negro (2006), Elastic model for the gravity and elevation changes prior to the 2001 eruption of Etna volcano, Bull. Volcanol., 69, 553-562, doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0090-5. – reference: Deb, K., A. Pratap, S. Agrawal, and T. Meyarivan (2002), A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., 6, 182-197. – reference: Currenti, G., C. Del Negro, and G. Ganci (2007a), Modelling of ground deformation and gravity fields using finite element method: An application to Etna volcano, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 775-786, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03380.x. – reference: Murray, M., G. Marshall, M. Lisowski, and R. Stein (1996), The 1992 M = 7 Cape Mendicino, California, earthquake: Coseismic deformation a the south end of the Cascadia megathrust, J. Geophys. Res., 101(B8), 17,707-17,725. – reference: Bonaccorso, A., S. Cianetti, C. Giunchi, E. Trasatti, M. Bonafede, and E. Boschi (2005), Analytical and 3D numerical modeling of Mt. Etna (Italy) volcano inflation, Geophys J. Int., 163, 852-862. – reference: Battaglia, M., and P. Segall (2004), The interpretation of gravity changes and crustal deformation in active volcanic areas, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 1453-1467. – reference: Jousset, P., H. Mori, and H. Okada (2003), Elastic models for the magma intrusion associated with the 2000 eruption of Usu Volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 2607, 1-26. – reference: Tarantola, A. (1987), Inverse Problem Theory, 613 pp., Elsevier, Amsterdam. – reference: Cervelli, P., M. H. Murray, P. Segall, Y. Aoki, and T. Kato (2001), Estimating source parameters from deformation data, with an application to the March 1997 earthquake swarm off the Izu Peninsula, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B6), 11,217-11,237. – reference: Scott, S. C. (1983), Variations in lava composition during the March 1981 eruption of Mt Etna and the implications of a compositional with earlier historic eruptions, Bull. Volcanol., 46, 393-411. – reference: Beauducel, F., and H. F. Cornet (1999), Collection and three-dimensional modeling of GPS and tilt data at Merapi volcano, Java, J. Geophys. Res., 104(B1), 725-736. – reference: Holland, J. H. (1975), Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, Univ. of Mich. Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. – reference: Owen, S., P. Segall, M. Lisowski, A. Miklius, R. Denlinger, and M. Sako (2000), Rapid deformation of Kilauea Volcano: Global Positioning System measurements between 1990 and 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B8), 18,983-18,998. – reference: Rymer, H., and G. C. Brown (1986), Gravity fields and their interpretation, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 27, 229-254. – reference: Bonafede, M., and M. Mazzanti (1998), Modelling gravity variations consistent with ground deformation in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 81, 137-157. – reference: Currenti, G., C. Del Negro, and G. Nunnari (2005), Inverse modelling of volcanomagnetic fields using a genetic algorithm technique, Geophys. J. Int., 163, 403-418. – reference: Williams, C. A., and G. Wadge (2000), An accurate and efficient method for including the effects of topography in three-dimensional elastic models of ground deformation with applications to radar interferometry, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B4), 8103-8120. – reference: Moorkamp, M., A. G. Jones, and D. W. Eaton (2007), Joint inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and magnetotelluric data using a genetic algorithm: Are seismic velocities and electrical conductivities compatible? Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16311, doi:10.1029/2007GL030519. – reference: Tiampo, K. F., J. B. Rundle, J. Fernandez, and J. Langbein (2000), Spherical and ellipsoidal volcanic sources at Long Valley Caldera, California using a genetic algorithm inversion technique, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 102, 189-206. – reference: Goldberg, D. E. (1989), Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. – reference: Okada, Y. (1985), Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75, 1135-1154. – reference: Currenti, G., C. Del Negro, L. Fortuna, and G. Ganci (2007b), Integrated inversion of ground deformation and magnetic data at Etna volcano using a genetic algorithm technique, Ann. Geophys., 49(6), 1325-1334. – reference: Schwarzbach, C., R. Börner, and K. Spitzer (2005), Two-dimensional inversion of direct current resistivity data using a parallel, multi-objective genetic algorithm, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 685-695, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02702.x. – reference: Budetta, G., and D. Carbone (1998), Temporal variations in gravity at Mt. Etna (Italy) associated with the 1989 and 1991 eruptions, Bull. Volcanol., 59, 311-326. – reference: Tiampo, K. F., J. Fernandez, G. Jentzsch, M. Charco, and J. B. Rundle (2004), New results at Mayon, Philippines, from a joint of gravity and deformation measurements, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 1433-1452. – reference: Kieffer, G. (1982), L'éruption du 17 au 22 Mars 1981 de l'Etna: Sa signification dans l'évolution actuelle du volcan, Géol. Méditerr., 9, 59-67. – reference: Branca, S., and P. Del Carlo (2005), Types of eruptions of Etna volcano AD 1670-2003: Implications for short-term eruptive behaviour, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 732-742. – reference: Yang, X., and P. M. Davis (1986), Deformation due to a rectangular tension crack in an elastic half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 76, 865-881. – volume: 67 start-page: 732 year: 2005 end-page: 742 article-title: Types of eruptions of Etna volcano AD 1670–2003: Implications for short‐term eruptive behaviour publication-title: Bull. Volcanol. – year: 1985 – volume: 82 start-page: 1018 year: 1992 end-page: 1040 article-title: Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half‐space publication-title: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. – volume: 6 start-page: 182 year: 2002 end-page: 197 article-title: A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA‐II publication-title: IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. – volume: 163 start-page: 852 year: 2005 end-page: 862 article-title: Analytical and 3D numerical modeling of Mt. Etna (Italy) volcano inflation publication-title: Geophys J. Int. – volume: 143 year: 2004 – volume: 45 start-page: 461 year: 1996 end-page: 478 article-title: Inversion of potential field data by genetic algorithms publication-title: Geophys. Prospect. – year: 1981 – volume: 97 start-page: 7137 issue: B5 year: 1992 end-page: 7144 article-title: Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half‐space publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 81 start-page: 137 year: 1998 end-page: 157 article-title: Modelling gravity variations consistent with ground deformation in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) publication-title: J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. – volume: 46 start-page: 393 year: 1983 end-page: 411 article-title: Variations in lava composition during the March 1981 eruption of Mt Etna and the implications of a compositional with earlier historic eruptions publication-title: Bull. Volcanol. – year: 1987 – year: 1989 – year: 1975 – start-page: 849 year: 2000 end-page: 858 – volume: 69 start-page: 553 year: 2006 end-page: 562 article-title: Elastic model for the gravity and elevation changes prior to the 2001 eruption of Etna volcano publication-title: Bull. 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| Title | Multiobjective genetic algorithm inversion of ground deformation and gravity changes spanning the 1981 eruption of Etna volcano |
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