Paleocene initial indentation and early growth of the Pamir as recorded in the western Tarim Basin

•The initial uplift, indentation, and northward growth of the Pamir began in the Paleocene.•A major provenance change in the western Tarim Basin took place in the early Paleogene.•West Kunlun mountains separated the Tarim and Central Pamir-Aksai Chin basins in the Jurassic-Cretaceous. It is presentl...

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Vydáno v:Tectonophysics Ročník 772; s. 228207
Hlavní autoři: Zhang, Shijie, Hu, Xiumian, Garzanti, Eduardo
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 05.12.2019
Elsevier BV
Témata:
Alluvial basins
Alluvial deposits
Alluvial fans
Cenozoic
Conglomerates
Cretaceous
Crustal shortening
Elevation
Eocene
Evolution
Geological time
Geomorphology
Gypsum
Indentation
Mesozoic
Metamorphism
Metamorphism (geology)
Mountains
Palaeocene
Paleocene
Paleogene
Paleogeographic evolution
Provenance
Provenance change
Sandstone
Sedimentary rocks
Sediments
Stratigraphy
Tectonics
Topography
Uplift
Uplift and indentation of Pamir
Western Tarim Basin
China
Tarim Basin
Paleogeographic evolution
Western Tarim Basin
Uplift and indentation of Pamir
Provenance change
ISSN:0040-1951, 1879-3266
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Abstract •The initial uplift, indentation, and northward growth of the Pamir began in the Paleocene.•A major provenance change in the western Tarim Basin took place in the early Paleogene.•West Kunlun mountains separated the Tarim and Central Pamir-Aksai Chin basins in the Jurassic-Cretaceous. It is presently unclear as to when and how the Pamir were uplifted to their current elevation, because a Cenozoic sedimentary record is lacking on the Pamir Plateau, and the Pamir domes only record metamorphism associated with crustal shortening since ∼37 Ma. Studies of the tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the Pamir in the early stages of the India–Asia continental collision are also lacking. The western Tarim Basin at the northeastern margin of the Pamir provides an ideal opportunity to investigate their formation and evolution. Four Cretaceous–Paleogene stratigraphic sections were examined in this study. From these, we infer that the West Kunlun Mountains were topographic highs during the Mesozoic that divided the adjacent Central Pamir–Tianshuihai terrane from the Tarim Basin. This paleo-topographic configuration lasted until a marine transgression occurred in the Aksai Chin and Central Pamir areas in the latest Cretaceous. Provenance analysis indicates that sediments in the western Tarim Basin were derived solely from the West Kunlun Mountains until the Paleocene. The appearance of Pamir-derived detrital zircons in Paleocene and Eocene strata of the Tarim Basin suggests that the Pamir was experiencing uplift and reached an elevation similar to, or even higher, than the West Kunlun Mountains. At that time, the sandstone composition documents a provenance change from a stable continental block to an active thrust belt of the proto-West Kunlun Mountains, indicating that the western Tarim Basin evolved from an intraplate to a foreland basin setting. During the Paleocene, alluvial fan conglomerates were deposited along the northeastern margin of the Pamir, and a thick gypsum unit began to be deposited in the Tarim Basin. All these lines of evidence indicate that the north-verging thrusting, foreland basin subsidence, uplift, and northward indentation of the Pamir began in the Paleocene (62–58 Ma).
AbstractList •The initial uplift, indentation, and northward growth of the Pamir began in the Paleocene.•A major provenance change in the western Tarim Basin took place in the early Paleogene.•West Kunlun mountains separated the Tarim and Central Pamir-Aksai Chin basins in the Jurassic-Cretaceous. It is presently unclear as to when and how the Pamir were uplifted to their current elevation, because a Cenozoic sedimentary record is lacking on the Pamir Plateau, and the Pamir domes only record metamorphism associated with crustal shortening since ∼37 Ma. Studies of the tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the Pamir in the early stages of the India–Asia continental collision are also lacking. The western Tarim Basin at the northeastern margin of the Pamir provides an ideal opportunity to investigate their formation and evolution. Four Cretaceous–Paleogene stratigraphic sections were examined in this study. From these, we infer that the West Kunlun Mountains were topographic highs during the Mesozoic that divided the adjacent Central Pamir–Tianshuihai terrane from the Tarim Basin. This paleo-topographic configuration lasted until a marine transgression occurred in the Aksai Chin and Central Pamir areas in the latest Cretaceous. Provenance analysis indicates that sediments in the western Tarim Basin were derived solely from the West Kunlun Mountains until the Paleocene. The appearance of Pamir-derived detrital zircons in Paleocene and Eocene strata of the Tarim Basin suggests that the Pamir was experiencing uplift and reached an elevation similar to, or even higher, than the West Kunlun Mountains. At that time, the sandstone composition documents a provenance change from a stable continental block to an active thrust belt of the proto-West Kunlun Mountains, indicating that the western Tarim Basin evolved from an intraplate to a foreland basin setting. During the Paleocene, alluvial fan conglomerates were deposited along the northeastern margin of the Pamir, and a thick gypsum unit began to be deposited in the Tarim Basin. All these lines of evidence indicate that the north-verging thrusting, foreland basin subsidence, uplift, and northward indentation of the Pamir began in the Paleocene (62–58 Ma).
It is presently unclear as to when and how the Pamir were uplifted to their current elevation, because a Cenozoic sedimentary record is lacking on the Pamir Plateau, and the Pamir domes only record metamorphism associated with crustal shortening since ∼37 Ma. Studies of the tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the Pamir in the early stages of the India–Asia continental collision are also lacking. The western Tarim Basin at the northeastern margin of the Pamir provides an ideal opportunity to investigate their formation and evolution. Four Cretaceous–Paleogene stratigraphic sections were examined in this study. From these, we infer that the West Kunlun Mountains were topographic highs during the Mesozoic that divided the adjacent Central Pamir–Tianshuihai terrane from the Tarim Basin. This paleo-topographic configuration lasted until a marine transgression occurred in the Aksai Chin and Central Pamir areas in the latest Cretaceous. Provenance analysis indicates that sediments in the western Tarim Basin were derived solely from the West Kunlun Mountains until the Paleocene. The appearance of Pamir-derived detrital zircons in Paleocene and Eocene strata of the Tarim Basin suggests that the Pamir was experiencing uplift and reached an elevation similar to, or even higher, than the West Kunlun Mountains. At that time, the sandstone composition documents a provenance change from a stable continental block to an active thrust belt of the proto-West Kunlun Mountains, indicating that the western Tarim Basin evolved from an intraplate to a foreland basin setting. During the Paleocene, alluvial fan conglomerates were deposited along the northeastern margin of the Pamir, and a thick gypsum unit began to be deposited in the Tarim Basin. All these lines of evidence indicate that the north-verging thrusting, foreland basin subsidence, uplift, and northward indentation of the Pamir began in the Paleocene (62–58 Ma).
ArticleNumber 228207
Author Zhang, Shijie
Hu, Xiumian
Garzanti, Eduardo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shijie
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Shijie
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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  givenname: Xiumian
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5401-8682
  surname: Hu
  fullname: Hu, Xiumian
  email: huxm@nju.edu.cn
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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  givenname: Eduardo
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8638-9322
  surname: Garzanti
  fullname: Garzanti, Eduardo
  organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Keywords Paleogeographic evolution
Western Tarim Basin
Uplift and indentation of Pamir
Provenance change
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Snippet •The initial uplift, indentation, and northward growth of the Pamir began in the Paleocene.•A major provenance change in the western Tarim Basin took place in...
It is presently unclear as to when and how the Pamir were uplifted to their current elevation, because a Cenozoic sedimentary record is lacking on the Pamir...
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SubjectTerms Alluvial basins
Alluvial deposits
Alluvial fans
Cenozoic
Conglomerates
Cretaceous
Crustal shortening
Elevation
Eocene
Evolution
Geological time
Geomorphology
Gypsum
Indentation
Mesozoic
Metamorphism
Metamorphism (geology)
Mountains
Palaeocene
Paleocene
Paleogene
Paleogeographic evolution
Provenance
Provenance change
Sandstone
Sedimentary rocks
Sediments
Stratigraphy
Tectonics
Topography
Uplift
Uplift and indentation of Pamir
Western Tarim Basin
Title Paleocene initial indentation and early growth of the Pamir as recorded in the western Tarim Basin
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