Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. of animal origin

Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover, Enterococcus is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the spe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microbiology spectrum Vol. 6; no. 4
Main Authors: Torres, Carmen, Alonso, Carla Andrea, Ruiz-Ripa, Laura, León-Sampedro, Ricardo, Del Campo, Rosa, Coque, Teresa M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States ASM Press 01.07.2018
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
Clinical Microbiology
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects
Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Enterococcus
Enterococcus - classification
Enterococcus - drug effects
Enterococcus - genetics
Enterococcus - pathogenicity
Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects
Enterococcus faecalis - pathogenicity
Enterococcus faecium - drug effects
Enterococcus faecium - pathogenicity
Farms
Food Microbiology
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - epidemiology
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - veterinary
Humans
Molecular Epidemiology
Pets
ISSN:2165-0497, 2165-0497
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover, Enterococcus is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the species E. faecalis and E. faecium , causing a wide variety of infections. This microorganism not only contains intrinsic resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobial agents, but also has the capacity to acquire new mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In this review we analyze the diversity of enterococcal species and their distribution in the intestinal tract of animals. Moreover, resistance mechanisms for different classes of antimicrobials of clinical relevance are reviewed, as well as the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterococci of animal origin, with special attention given to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. The emergence of new antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin, such as optrA and cfr , is highlighted. The molecular epidemiology and the population structure of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in farm and companion animals is presented. Moreover, the types of plasmids that carry the antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin are reviewed.
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ISSN:2165-0497
2165-0497
DOI:10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0032-2018