Profiling a warehouse-scale computer

With the increasing prevalence of warehouse-scale (WSC) and cloud computing, understanding the interactions of server applications with the underlying microarchitecture becomes ever more important in order to extract maximum performance out of server hardware. To aid such understanding, this paper p...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings - International Symposium on Computer Architecture S. 158 - 169
Hauptverfasser: Kanev, Svilen, Darago, Juan Pablo, Hazelwood, Kim, Ranganathan, Parthasarathy, Moseley, Tipp, Wei, Gu-Yeon, Brooks, David
Format: Tagungsbericht
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: IEEE 13.06.2015
Schlagworte:
Computers
Google
Kernel
Lapping
Sensors
System-on-chip
ISSN:1063-6897
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract With the increasing prevalence of warehouse-scale (WSC) and cloud computing, understanding the interactions of server applications with the underlying microarchitecture becomes ever more important in order to extract maximum performance out of server hardware. To aid such understanding, this paper presents a detailed microarchitectural analysis of live datacenter jobs, measured on more than 20,000 Google machines over a three year period, and comprising thousands of different applications. We first find that WSC workloads are extremely diverse, breeding the need for architectures that can tolerate application variability without performance loss. However, some patterns emerge, offering opportunities for co-optimization of hardware and software. For example, we identify common building blocks in the lower levels of the software stack. This "datacenter tax" can comprise nearly 30% of cycles across jobs running in the fleet, which makes its constituents prime candidates for hardware specialization in future server systems-on-chips. We also uncover opportunities for classic microarchitectural optimizations for server processors, especially in the cache hierarchy. Typical workloads place significant stress on instruction caches and prefer memory latency over bandwidth. They also stall cores often, but compute heavily in bursts. These observations motivate several interesting directions for future warehouse-scale computers.
AbstractList With the increasing prevalence of warehouse-scale (WSC) and cloud computing, understanding the interactions of server applications with the underlying microarchitecture becomes ever more important in order to extract maximum performance out of server hardware. To aid such understanding, this paper presents a detailed microarchitectural analysis of live datacenter jobs, measured on more than 20,000 Google machines over a three year period, and comprising thousands of different applications. We first find that WSC workloads are extremely diverse, breeding the need for architectures that can tolerate application variability without performance loss. However, some patterns emerge, offering opportunities for co-optimization of hardware and software. For example, we identify common building blocks in the lower levels of the software stack. This "datacenter tax" can comprise nearly 30% of cycles across jobs running in the fleet, which makes its constituents prime candidates for hardware specialization in future server systems-on-chips. We also uncover opportunities for classic microarchitectural optimizations for server processors, especially in the cache hierarchy. Typical workloads place significant stress on instruction caches and prefer memory latency over bandwidth. They also stall cores often, but compute heavily in bursts. These observations motivate several interesting directions for future warehouse-scale computers.
Author Ranganathan, Parthasarathy
Darago, Juan Pablo
Kanev, Svilen
Brooks, David
Moseley, Tipp
Wei, Gu-Yeon
Hazelwood, Kim
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Svilen
  surname: Kanev
  fullname: Kanev, Svilen
  organization: Harvard University, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Juan Pablo
  surname: Darago
  fullname: Darago, Juan Pablo
  organization: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kim
  surname: Hazelwood
  fullname: Hazelwood, Kim
  organization: Yahoo Labs, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Parthasarathy
  surname: Ranganathan
  fullname: Ranganathan, Parthasarathy
  organization: Google, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Tipp
  surname: Moseley
  fullname: Moseley, Tipp
  organization: Google, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Gu-Yeon
  surname: Wei
  fullname: Wei, Gu-Yeon
  organization: Harvard University, USA
– sequence: 7
  givenname: David
  surname: Brooks
  fullname: Brooks, David
  organization: Harvard University, USA
BookMark eNotzj1LA0EQgOEVIpjE1BY2V9henP3eKSVoFAKmiHWY3Z3Vk8tduEsQ_72CVm_38M7EpOs7FuJGwlJKY--VN2gcLpW3oFFdiAX6IC0ggLLOTcRUgtO1C-ivxGwcPwEkonVTcbcd-tK0TfdeUfVFA3_055HrMVHLVeoPx_OJh2txWagdefHfuXh7etytnuvN6_pl9bCpSSt5qjVZnSE6y8GoQA6DzBGKlwZ1STkyZcDskjVcgCiTjAwxxqJApsRBz8Xtn9sw8_44NAcavvdeBfN7r38ATQRBrw
ContentType Conference Proceeding
DBID 6IE
6IH
CBEJK
RIE
RIO
DOI 10.1145/2749469.2750392
DatabaseName IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings
IEEE Proceedings Order Plan (POP) 1998-present by volume
IEEE Xplore All Conference Proceedings
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
IEEE Proceedings Order Plans (POP) 1998-present
DatabaseTitleList
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Computer Science
EISBN 9781509002566
1509002561
EndPage 169
ExternalDocumentID 7284063
Genre orig-research
GroupedDBID 23M
29F
29O
6IE
6IF
6IH
6IK
6IL
6IM
6IN
AAJGR
AAWTH
ACGFS
ADZIZ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
APO
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CBEJK
CHZPO
IEGSK
IJVOP
IPLJI
M43
OCL
RIE
RIL
RIO
ZY4
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-a321t-3a53d0b65e8428a6981db0f71493fcdbead09d6c54ef0aada1be0bbbf201cce83
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount 283
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000380455700013&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1063-6897
IngestDate Wed Jun 04 06:02:04 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a321t-3a53d0b65e8428a6981db0f71493fcdbead09d6c54ef0aada1be0bbbf201cce83
OpenAccessLink https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2749469.2750392
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs ieee_primary_7284063
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2015-06-13
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2015-06-13
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2015
  text: 2015-06-13
  day: 13
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle Proceedings - International Symposium on Computer Architecture
PublicationTitleAbbrev ISCA
PublicationYear 2015
Publisher IEEE
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
SSID ssj0019956
ssib048751269
Score 2.4906223
Snippet With the increasing prevalence of warehouse-scale (WSC) and cloud computing, understanding the interactions of server applications with the underlying...
SourceID ieee
SourceType Publisher
StartPage 158
SubjectTerms Computers
Google
Kernel
Lapping
Sensors
System-on-chip
Title Profiling a warehouse-scale computer
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7284063
WOSCitedRecordID wos000380455700013&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV09T8MwED21FQMTHy3iWxk64taOEzueERUDqjoA6lbZzlmwtKgf8Pc5u2lhYGGzopMSy07ee3m-O4B-MCS6tHfM5J4ECmE2q4gls9w5bjEYUSXH9PVJj8fVdGomLbjb58IgYjp8hoM4TF5-vfCb-KtsqOlbSpDahrbWapurtds7kXeL1Cy7cRBixmZyOpVkqjK6KesjinJIQsyQKhzE0uYyeqC_-qokWBkd_e-BjqH3k5-XTfbIcwItnJ_C0a5BQ9a8r13oT1JHborJbPZll_hGOh_ZitYFM9-E9-Bl9PB8_8iatgjMylysmbSlrLlTJVakHawyRDkdD5q0jgy-drQ3uKmVLwsM3NraCofcORcI673HSp5BZ76Y4zlkXjppBFaKiEOhCgqVgShOKHROA80voBsnPfvYVr6YNfO9_PvyFRzSLcp4kErIa-islxu8gQP_uX5fLW_Tcn0DlJSSVw
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV09T8MwED2VggRTgYL4JkNH3Dpx4sQzoiqiVB0K6lbZzlmwtKgf8Pc5u2lhYGGzopMSy07ee3m-O4CWUyS6cmuYSiwJFMJsVhBLZokxXKNTcREc09d-PhgU47Ea1uBumwuDiOHwGbb9MHj55cyu_K-yTk7fUoLUHdjN0jTh62ytze7xzDsO7bIrD8HnbAavUwomC5VXhX3iNOuQFFOkC9u-uLnwLuivzioBWLqN_z3SIZz8ZOhFwy32HEENp8fQ2LRoiKo3tgmtYejJTTGRjr70HN9I6SNb0MpgZKvwE3jpPozue6xqjMC0SOIlEzoTJTcyw4LUg5aKSKfhLie1I5wtDe0OrkppsxQd17rUsUFujHGE9tZiIU6hPp1N8QwiK4xQMRaSqEMqUwoVjkiOS_OEBjk_h6af9ORjXftiUs334u_Lt7DfGz33J_3HwdMlHNDtMn-sKhZXUF_OV3gNe_Zz-b6Y34Sl-wZmqZWe
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.title=Proceedings+-+International+Symposium+on+Computer+Architecture&rft.atitle=Profiling+a+warehouse-scale+computer&rft.au=Kanev%2C+Svilen&rft.au=Darago%2C+Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Hazelwood%2C+Kim&rft.au=Ranganathan%2C+Parthasarathy&rft.date=2015-06-13&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.issn=1063-6897&rft.spage=158&rft.epage=169&rft_id=info:doi/10.1145%2F2749469.2750392&rft.externalDocID=7284063
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1063-6897&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1063-6897&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1063-6897&client=summon