Planted Solutions in Quantum Chemistry: Generating Non-Trivial Hamiltonians with Known Ground States

Generating large, nontrivial quantum chemistry test problems with known ground-state solutions remains a core challenge for benchmarking electronic structure methods. Inspired by planted-solution techniques from combinatorial optimization, we introduce four classes of Hamiltonians with embedded, ret...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chemical theory and computation Vol. 21; no. 22; p. 11495
Main Authors: Wang, Linjun, Cantin, Joshua T, Patel, Smik, Loaiza, Ignacio, Huang, Rick, Izmaylov, Artur F
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 25.11.2025
ISSN:1549-9626, 1549-9626
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Generating large, nontrivial quantum chemistry test problems with known ground-state solutions remains a core challenge for benchmarking electronic structure methods. Inspired by planted-solution techniques from combinatorial optimization, we introduce four classes of Hamiltonians with embedded, retrievable ground states. These Hamiltonians mimic realistic electronic structure problems, support adjustable complexity, and are derived from reference systems. Crucially, their ground-state energies can be computed exactly, provided the construction parameters are known. To obscure this structure and control perceived complexity, we introduce techniques such as killer operators, balance operators, and random orbital rotations. We showcase this framework using examples based on homogeneous catalysts of industrial relevance and validate tunable difficulty through density matrix renormalization group convergence behavior. Beyond enabling scalable, ground-truth benchmark generation, our approach offers a controlled setting to explore the limitations of electronic structure methods and investigate how Hamiltonian structure influences ground state solution difficulty.
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ISSN:1549-9626
1549-9626
DOI:10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01210