Katara: synthesizing CRDTs with verified lifting
Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a promising tool for designing scalable, coordination-free distributed systems. However, constructing correct CRDTs is difficult, posing a challenge for even seasoned developers. As a result, CRDT development is still largely the domain of academics, w...
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| Published in: | Proceedings of ACM on programming languages Vol. 6; no. OOPSLA2; pp. 1349 - 1377 |
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| Abstract | Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a promising tool for designing scalable, coordination-free distributed systems. However, constructing correct CRDTs is difficult, posing a challenge for even seasoned developers. As a result, CRDT development is still largely the domain of academics, with new designs often awaiting peer review and a manual proof of correctness. In this paper, we present Katara, a program synthesis-based system that takes sequential data type implementations and automatically synthesizes verified CRDT designs from them. Key to this process is a new formal definition of CRDT correctness that combines a reference sequential type with a lightweight ordering constraint that resolves conflicts between non-commutative operations. Our process follows the tradition of work in verified lifting, including an encoding of correctness into SMT logic using synthesized inductive invariants and hand-crafted grammars for the CRDT state and runtime. Katara is able to automatically synthesize CRDTs for a wide variety of scenarios, from reproducing classic CRDTs to synthesizing novel designs based on specifications in existing literature. Crucially, our synthesized CRDTs are fully, automatically verified, eliminating entire classes of common errors and reducing the process of producing a new CRDT from a painstaking paper proof of correctness to a lightweight specification. |
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| AbstractList | Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a promising tool for designing scalable, coordination-free distributed systems. However, constructing correct CRDTs is difficult, posing a challenge for even seasoned developers. As a result, CRDT development is still largely the domain of academics, with new designs often awaiting peer review and a manual proof of correctness. In this paper, we present Katara, a program synthesis-based system that takes sequential data type implementations and automatically synthesizes verified CRDT designs from them. Key to this process is a new formal definition of CRDT correctness that combines a reference sequential type with a lightweight ordering constraint that resolves conflicts between non-commutative operations. Our process follows the tradition of work in verified lifting, including an encoding of correctness into SMT logic using synthesized inductive invariants and hand-crafted grammars for the CRDT state and runtime. Katara is able to automatically synthesize CRDTs for a wide variety of scenarios, from reproducing classic CRDTs to synthesizing novel designs based on specifications in existing literature. Crucially, our synthesized CRDTs are fully, automatically verified, eliminating entire classes of common errors and reducing the process of producing a new CRDT from a painstaking paper proof of correctness to a lightweight specification. |
| ArticleNumber | 173 |
| Author | Hellerstein, Joseph M. Cheung, Alvin Power, Conor Laddad, Shadaj Milano, Mae |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Shadaj orcidid: 0000-0002-6658-6548 surname: Laddad fullname: Laddad, Shadaj email: shadaj@cs.berkeley.edu organization: University of California at Berkeley, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Conor orcidid: 0000-0002-0660-5110 surname: Power fullname: Power, Conor email: conorpower@cs.berkeley.edu organization: University of California at Berkeley, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Mae orcidid: 0000-0003-3126-7771 surname: Milano fullname: Milano, Mae email: mpmilano@cs.berkeley.edu organization: University of California at Berkeley, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Alvin orcidid: 0000-0001-6261-6263 surname: Cheung fullname: Cheung, Alvin email: akcheung@cs.berkeley.edu organization: University of California at Berkeley, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Joseph M. orcidid: 0000-0002-7712-4306 surname: Hellerstein fullname: Hellerstein, Joseph M. email: hellerstein@cs.berkeley.edu organization: University of California at Berkeley, USA |
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| Keywords | replication program synthesis distributed systems verification |
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| Snippet | Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a promising tool for designing scalable, coordination-free distributed systems. However, constructing correct... |
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| Title | Katara: synthesizing CRDTs with verified lifting |
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