The nature of physical computation
Computing systems are everywhere today. Even the brain is thought to be a sort of computing system. But what does it mean to say that a given organ or system computes? What is it about laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems that they are deemed to compute, and why does it seldom occur to us to de...
Uložené v:
| Hlavný autor: | |
|---|---|
| Médium: | E-kniha Kniha |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
New York
Oxford University Press
2022
Oxford University Press, Incorporated |
| Vydanie: | 1 |
| Edícia: | Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science |
| Predmet: | |
| ISBN: | 0197552382, 9780197552384, 9780197552407, 0197552404 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
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- 4.3.2 Attractor Neural Networks -- 4.3.3 A Neural Network for the n- Queens Problem -- 4.3.4 Do Attractor Neural Networks Compute? -- 4.3.5 A Way Out of the Dilemma? -- 4.4 Summary -- 5: Computation as Implementation -- 5.1 Triviality Results -- 5.1.1 Searle's Triviality Results -- 5.1.2 Putnam's Triviality Results -- 5.1.3 Implications of Triviality Results -- 5.2 Avoiding Triviality -- 5.2.1 Chalmers's Account of Implementation -- 5.2.2 Weak Triviality and Its (Non- )Consequences -- 5.2.3 Does Chalmers's Account Avoid the Consequences of Strong Triviality? -- 5.3 From Implementation to Computation -- 5.3.1 Is Implementation Necessary for Computation? -- 5.3.2 Is Implementation Sufficient for Computation? -- 5.4 Summary -- 6: Computation as Mechanism -- 6.1 An Outline of the Mechanistic Account -- 6.2 What Is "Mechanistic" in the Mechanistic Account? -- 6.3 Computational and Mechanistic Explanations -- 6.3.1 Computational and DecompositionalExplanations -- 6.3.2 Abstract Explanations and Structural Properties -- 6.3.3 Computational and Implementational Hierarchies -- 6.3.4 Information Processing and Causal Structure -- 6.3.5 Summary -- 6.4 Rules, Medium- Independence, and Teleological Functions -- 6.5 Summary -- 7: The Semantic View of Computation -- 7.1 What Is a Semantic View of Computation? -- 7.1.1 Essential Involvement -- 7.1.2 Non- Semantic Views -- 7.1.3 Variants of the Semantic View -- 7.1.4 Semantics -- 7.1.5 Non- Semantic Accounts of Semantic Properties -- 7.1.6 What the Semantic View Is Not -- 7.1.7 The Gist of My Account -- 7.1.8 Supporting the Semantic View -- 7.2 Objections to the Semantic View -- 7.3 Summary -- 8: An Argument for the Semantic View -- 8.1 Simultaneous Implementation -- 8.2 The Master Argument: From Simultaneous Implementation to the Semantic Individuation of Computational States
- 8.3 Objection 1: Computational Individuation Is More Basic -- 8.4 Objection 2: Externalism Without Content -- 8.5 Summary -- 9: Computing as Modeling -- 9.1 What Is Modeling? -- 9.1.1 Input- Output Mirroring -- 9.1.2 Input- Output Modeling -- 9.1.3 The Neural Integrator in the Oculomotor System -- 9.1.4 The Neural Integrator as an Internal Model -- 9.2 The Modeling Notion of Computation -- 9.2.1 Modeling and Implementing -- 9.2.2 The Definition of Computing -- 9.2.3 Is Computing Modeling? -- 9.3 Others Who Have Linked Computing to Modeling -- 9.3.1 Grush on Neural Computation -- 9.3.2 Marr on Computational- Level Theories -- 9.3.3 Summary -- 9.4 The Methodological Role of Modeling -- 9.5 Computational Explanations -- 9.5.1 Marr's Computational- Level Explanations -- 9.5.2 Egan's Function- Theoretic Explanations -- 9.5.3 Chirimuuta's Optimality Explanations -- 9.6 Summary -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Name Index -- Subject Index
- Cover -- The Nature of Physical Computation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1: Desiderata of a Theory of Computation -- 1.1 Scope -- 1.2 Features -- 1.2.1 Meaning -- 1.2.2 Ontology -- 1.2.3 Utility -- 1.3 Summary -- 2: Turing's Computability -- 2.1 The 1936 Affair -- 2.2 Turing's Analysis -- 2.3 Who Is "the Computer"? -- 2.3.1 Abstractness -- 2.3.2 Idealization: Competence and Performance -- 2.3.3 Cognitive Versus Non- Cognitive -- 2.4 Effective Computability and Machine Computation -- 2.5 Summary -- 3: Preamble to Machine Computation -- 3.1 Gandy's Account of Machine Computation -- 3.1.1 Gandy Machines, Turing Machines, and HUMAN Computers -- 3.1.2 Summary -- 3.2 Generic Computation -- 3.2.1 Infinite- Time Turing Machines -- 3.2.2 Why Infinite- Time Turing Machines Are Not Gandy Machines -- 3.3 Algorithmic Computation -- 3.3.1 What Is an Algorithm? -- 3.3.2 Computational Complexity -- 3.3.3 Algorithmic Machine Computation and Generic Computation -- 3.3.4 Algorithmic Computation and Gandy Machines -- 3.3.5 Summary -- 3.4 Physical Computation -- 3.4.1 What Is Physical? -- 3.4.2 Computability over the Reals -- 3.4.3 Is the Bold Physical Church- Turing Thesis True? -- 3.4.4 Relativistic Computation -- 3.4.5 Does Relativistic Computation Refute the Modest Thesis? -- 3.4.6 Supertasks and Algorithmic Computation -- 3.4.7 Physical Computation and Gandy Machines -- 3.4.8 The Relationship Between Physical and Other Notions of Computation -- 3.5 Summary -- 4: Computation as Step- Satisfaction -- 4.1 Cummins's Account of Computation -- 4.1.1 Satisfaction and Instantiation -- 4.1.2 Step- Satisfaction -- 4.1.3 The Essentials of the Account -- 4.2 Is Step- Satisfaction Necessary for Computation? -- 4.2.1 Pitowsky's Average Machine -- 4.2.2 A Way Out of the Dilemma? -- 4.3 Neural Computation -- 4.3.1 Neural Networks