Sacrificing a Little Space can Significantly Improve Monitoring of Time-Sensitive Cyber-Physical Systems
The goal of runtime verification is to inspect the correctness of a system by incorporating a monitor during its execution. Predictability of time distribution of monitor invocations and memory usage are two indicators of the quality of a monitoring solution, specially in cyber-physical systems, whe...
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| Vydáno v: | ICCPS '14: ACM/IEEE 5th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (with CPS Week 2014) s. 115 - 126 |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Washington, DC, USA
IEEE Computer Society
15.04.2014
IEEE |
| Edice: | ACM Conferences |
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| ISBN: | 1479949302, 9781479949304, 1479949310, 9781479949311 |
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| Abstract | The goal of runtime verification is to inspect the correctness of a system by incorporating a monitor during its execution. Predictability of time distribution of monitor invocations and memory usage are two indicators of the quality of a monitoring solution, specially in cyber-physical systems, where the physical environment is a part of the system dynamics. In our previous work, we proposed a control-theoretic approach for coordinating time predictability and memory utilization in runtime verification of time-sensitive systems. To this end, we designed controllers that attempt to improve time predictability, while ensuring the soundness of verification by incorporating a maximally utilized bounded memory buffer that accumulates events.
Since the frequency of occurrence of environment actions in cyber-physical systems is not known a priori, the system may run into situations, where the buffer is full, but a monitor invocation has not yet been scheduled. In control theory, this is called the overshooting phenomenon, which inherently decreases time predictability. In this paper, we address the issue of overshoots, by employing a second controller that allows limited memory reservations to temporarily extend the size of the event buffer when the system is subject to bursts of environment actions. We apply our solution to the verification of the air/fuel ratio in a car engine exhaust. The acceptable ratio varies depending on the driving circumstances, and monitoring that ratio is important to control emissions in a vehicle. A highly predictable monitor imposes uniform load on the engine control unit (ECU), thus, not negatively or sporadically affecting its control tasks. The experimental results exhibit two significant contributions: we (1) demonstrate the advantages of applying our approach to achieve low variation in the frequency of monitor invocations for verication, while maintaining maximum memory utilization, and (2) clearly illustrate that by negligible temporary increases in the size of the event buffer, the number of overshoots decreases significantly, which in turn substantially increases time predictability of runtime verication. |
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| AbstractList | The goal of runtime verification is to inspect the correctness of a system by incorporating a monitor during its execution. Predictability of time distribution of monitor invocations and memory usage are two indicators of the quality of a monitoring solution, specially in cyber-physical systems, where the physical environment is a part of the system dynamics. In our previous work, we proposed a control-theoretic approach for coordinating time predictability and memory utilization in runtime verification of time-sensitive systems. To this end, we designed controllers that attempt to improve time predictability, while ensuring the soundness of verification by incorporating a maximally utilized bounded memory buffer that accumulates events. Since the frequency of occurrence of environment actions in cyber-physical systems is not known a priori, the system may run into situations, where the buffer is full, but a monitor invocation has not yet been scheduled. In control theory, this is called the overshooting phenomenon, which inherently decreases time predictability. In this paper, we address the issue of overshoots, by employing a second controller that allows limited memory reservations to temporarily extend the size of the event buffer when the system is subject to bursts of environment actions. We apply our solution to the verification of the air/fuel ratio in a car engine exhaust. The acceptable ratio varies depending on the driving circumstances, and monitoring that ratio is important to control emissions in a vehicle. A highly predictable monitor imposes uniform load on the engine control unit (ECU), thus, not negatively or sporadically affecting its control tasks. The experimental results exhibit two significant contributions: we (1) demonstrate the advantages of applying our approach to achieve low variation in the frequency of monitor invocations for verication, while maintaining maximum memory utilization, and (2) clearly illustrate that by negligible temporary increases in the size of the event buffer, the number of overshoots decreases significantly, which in turn substantially increases time predictability of runtime verication. The goal of runtime verification is to inspect the correctness of a system by incorporating a monitor during its execution. Predictability of time distribution of monitor invocations and memory usage are two indicators of the quality of a monitoring solution, specially in cyber-physical systems, where the physical environment is a part of the system dynamics. In our previous work, we proposed a control-theoretic approach for coordinating time predictability and memory utilization in runtime verification of time-sensitive systems. To this end, we designed controllers that attempt to improve time predictability, while ensuring the soundness of verification by incorporating a maximally utilized bounded memory buffer that accumulates events. Since the frequency of occurrence of environment actions in cyber-physical systems is not known a priori, the system may run into situations, where the buffer is full, but a monitor invocation has not yet been scheduled. In control theory, this is called the overshooting phenomenon, which inherently decreases time predictability. In this paper, we address the issue of overshoots, by employing a second controller that allows limited memory reservations to temporarily extend the size of the event buffer when the system is subject to bursts of environment actions. We apply our solution to the verification of the air/fuel ratio in a car engine exhaust. The acceptable ratio varies depending on the driving circumstances, and monitoring that ratio is important to control emissions in a vehicle. A highly predictable monitor imposes uniform load on the engine control unit (ECU), thus, not negatively or sporadically affecting its control tasks. The experimental results exhibit two significant contributions: we (1) demonstrate the advantages of applying our approach to achieve low variation in the frequency of monitor invocations for verication, while maintaining maximum memory utilization, and (2) clearly illustrate that by negligible temporary increases in the size of the event buffer, the number of overshoots decreases significantly, which in turn substantially increases time predictability of runtime verication. |
| Author | Bonakdarpour, Borzoo Fischmeister, Sebastian Kumar, Deepak Medhat, Ramy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ramy surname: Medhat fullname: Medhat, Ramy email: rmedhat@uwaterloo.ca organization: Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Deepak surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Deepak email: d6kumar@uwaterloo.ca organization: Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Borzoo surname: Bonakdarpour fullname: Bonakdarpour, Borzoo email: borzoo@cs.uwaterloo.ca organization: School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Sebastian surname: Fischmeister fullname: Fischmeister, Sebastian email: sfischme@uwaterloo.ca organization: Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Waterloo Waterloo, Canada |
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| Keywords | Control Theory Time Predictability Runtime Verification Monitoring |
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| PublicationTitle | ICCPS '14: ACM/IEEE 5th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (with CPS Week 2014) |
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| Snippet | The goal of runtime verification is to inspect the correctness of a system by incorporating a monitor during its execution. Predictability of time distribution... |
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| SubjectTerms | Computing methodologies -- Artificial intelligence -- Control methods Computing methodologies -- Artificial intelligence -- Control methods -- Computational control theory Control Theory Educational institutions Engines Equations Fuzzy sets Information systems -- Data management systems -- Middleware for databases -- Distributed transaction monitors Inspection Monitoring Runtime Runtime Verification Software and its engineering -- Software organization and properties -- Contextual software domains -- Operating systems -- Process management -- Monitors Time Predictability |
| Title | Sacrificing a Little Space can Significantly Improve Monitoring of Time-Sensitive Cyber-Physical Systems |
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