An optimal analytical solution for processor speed control with thermal constraints

As semiconductor manufacturing technology scales to smaller device sizes, the power consumption of clocked digital ICs begins to increase. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a well-known technique for conserving energy. Recently, it has also been used to control the CPU temperature as p...

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Vydané v:ISLPED '06 : proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, Tegernsee, Germany, October 4-6, 2006 s. 292 - 297
Hlavní autori: Rao, Ravishankar, Vrudhula, Sarma, Chakrabarti, Chaitali, Chang, Naehyuck
Médium: Konferenčný príspevok..
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: New York, NY, USA ACM 04.10.2006
IEEE
Edícia:ACM Conferences
Predmet:
algorithms
Calculus
Clocks
Computing methodologies > Modeling and simulation > Model development and analysis > Modeling methodologies
DTM
DVFS
Dynamic voltage scaling
Energy consumption
Frequency
General and reference > Cross-computing tools and techniques > Performance
Mathematics of computing > Mathematical analysis > Mathematical optimization
optimal control
Semiconductor device manufacture
temperature
Temperature control
theory
Theory of computation > Design and analysis of algorithms > Mathematical optimization
Thermal management
Throughput
Velocity control
temperature
optimal control
DTM
thermal management
DVFS
ISBN:9781595934628, 1595934626
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Shrnutí:As semiconductor manufacturing technology scales to smaller device sizes, the power consumption of clocked digital ICs begins to increase. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a well-known technique for conserving energy. Recently, it has also been used to control the CPU temperature as part of Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) techniques. Most works in these areas assume that the optimum speed profile (for either minimizing energy or maximizing performance) is a constant profile. However, in the presence of thermal constraints, we show that the optimal profile is in general, a time-varying function. We formulate the problem of maximizing the average throughput of a processor over a given time period, subject to thermal and speed constraints, as a problem in the calculus of variations. The variational approach provides a powerful framework for precisely specifying and solving the speed control problem, and allows us to obtain an exact analytical solution. The solution methodology is very general, and works for any convex power model, and simple lumped RC thermal models. The resulting speed profiles were found to consist of up to three segments, of which one of them is a decreasing function of time, and the others are constant. We analyze the effect of different parameters like the initial temperature, thermal capacitance and the maximum rated speed on the nature and the cost of the optimum solution. We also propose a two-speed solution that approximates the optimal speed curve. This solution was found to achieve a performance close to that of the optimum, and is also easier to implement in real processors.
Bibliografia:SourceType-Conference Papers & Proceedings-1
ObjectType-Conference Paper-1
content type line 25
ISBN:9781595934628
1595934626
DOI:10.1145/1165573.1165643