Introduction to energy essentials : insight into nuclear, renewable, and non-renewable energies
Energy managers need to learn new and diverse ways to approach energy management in their company's assets as technology continues to evolve.Built into one cohesive and fundamental resource, Introduction to Energy Essentials: Insight into Nuclear, Renewable, and Non-Renewable Energies delivers...
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| Hlavní autoři: | , |
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| Médium: | E-kniha Kniha |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
London
Academic Press
2021
Elsevier Science & Technology |
| Vydání: | 1 |
| Témata: | |
| ISBN: | 0323901522, 9780323901529 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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- 7.8 Snapshot of energy
- 4.20.3.1 Primary heat exchangers-sodium to air, molten salt to air -- 4.20.3.2 Economizer-air to water -- 4.20.3.3 Superheaters -air to steam -- 4.20.3.4 Condenser-steam to water -- 4.20.3.5 Recuperator-air to air -- 4.20.3.6 Intercooler-water to air -- 4.20.4 Pumps and generators -- 4.20.5 Connections and uncertainty -- 4.20.6 Validation -- 4.21 Predicted performance of small modular NACC systems -- 4.22 Performance variation of small modular NACC systems -- 4.23 Predicted performance for small modular NARC systems -- 4.24 Performance variation of small modular NARC systems -- 4.25 Predicted performance for a small modular intercooled NARC systems -- 4.26 Performance variation of small modular intercooled NARC systems -- 4.27 Discussion -- 4.28 Intermittent renewable energy systems and other challenges -- 4.29 Dealing with the intermittency of renewable energy systems -- 4.30 Energy storage as heat or electrical charge -- 4.31 Energy storage as heat-two approaches -- 4.32 Hydrogen combustion to augment NACC output -- 4.33 Hydrogen combustion to augment NARC output -- 4.34 Hydrogen combustion to augment intercooled NARC output -- 4.35 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 - Thermonuclear fusion reaction driving electrical power generation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) -- 5.2.1 Magnetic mirrors -- 5.2.2 Toroidal machines -- 5.2.2.1 Z-pinch machine -- 5.2.2.2 Stellarators confinement system -- 5.2.2.3 Tokamaks confinement system -- 5.2.2.4 Other systems -- 5.2.2.5 Compact toroid -- 5.3 Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) -- 5.3.1 How inertial confinement fusion (ICF) works -- 5.3.2 How fast ignition (IF) works -- 5.3.3 Issues with successful achievement -- 5.3.4 National ignition laser facility -- References -- Chapter 6 - Other electrical power generation energy sources
- 3.4 Next generation of nuclear power reactions for power production -- 3.5 Technology roadmap for Generation IV nuclear energy systems -- 3.6 Power conversion study and technology options assessment -- 3.6.1 Heat exchanger components -- 3.6.2 Turbomachinery -- 3.6.3 Advanced computational materials science proposed for GEN IV systems -- 3.6.4 Material classes proposed for GEN IV systems -- 3.6.5 Generation IV materials challenges -- 3.7 Generation IV materials fundamental issues -- 3.8 End of cheap oil and future of nuclear power -- 3.9 The future of energy -- 3.10 Nuclear power in the world today and time for change -- 3.11 Improved performance from existing reactors -- 3.12 Other nuclear reactors -- 3.13 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 - Small modular reactors and a modern power conversion approach -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Industry opportunities for advanced nuclear technology development -- 4.3 Benefits of small modular reactors -- 4.4 Modularity -- 4.5 Lower capital investment -- 4.6 Siting flexibility -- 4.7 Greater efficiency -- 4.8 Safeguards and security/nonproliferation -- 4.9 Industry, manufacturing, and job growth -- 4.10 Economic development -- 4.11 Cost of electricity from nuclear power -- 4.12 Cost of nuclear technology is too high -- 4.13 Cooling water requirement for nuclear power reactors -- 4.14 Next generation of nuclear power reactions for power production -- 4.15 Technology roadmap for Generation IV nuclear energy systems -- 4.16 Open air-Brayton gas power cycle -- 4.17 Modeling the nuclear Air-Brayton cycles -- 4.18 Currently proposed power conversion systems for small modular reactors -- 4.19 Advanced Air-Brayton power conversion systems -- 4.20 Design equations and design parameters -- 4.20.1 Reactors -- 4.20.2 Air compressors and turbines -- 4.20.3 Heat exchangers
- 1.17 Natural gas is a key fuel for reliable electricity generation -- 1.18 Different policy or technology choices can impact outcome -- 1.19 Meeting climate change goals through energy efficiency -- 1.19.1 What are the opportunities -- 1.19.2 Key recommendations -- 1.20 Energy supply projections -- 1.21 Liquid supply projections -- 1.22 Emissions -- 1.23 Fuel cell car power plants -- References -- Chapter 2 - Nuclear power plant history from past to present and future -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fission reaction energy generation -- 2.3 The first fission chain reaction -- 2.4 The first self-sustaining fission chain reaction -- 2.5 Nuclear criticality concept -- 2.6 Nuclear energy expands and stagnates for peace usages -- 2.7 Government and nuclear energy -- 2.8 Fundamental of fission nuclear reactors -- 2.9 Reactor fundamentals -- 2.10 Thermal reactors -- 2.11 Nuclear power plants and their classifications -- 2.12 Going forward with nuclear energy -- 2.13 Small modular reactors -- 2.14 Small modular reactors: safety, security, and cost concerns -- 2.14.1 Safety concepts of the MSR -- 2.14.2 Economies of scale and catch -- 2.14.3 Are small modular reactors safer? -- 2.14.4 Shrinking evacuation zones -- 2.14.5 Safety conclusions of nuclear power plants -- 2.15 Why we need nuclear power plants -- 2.16 Methodology of combined cycle -- 2.16.1 Why we still need nuclear power -- 2.16.2 Is nuclear energy renewable source of energy -- 2.16.3 Argument for nuclear as renewable energy -- 2.16.4 Argument against nuclear energy as renewable energy -- 2.16.5 Today safety of nuclear power plant -- 2.16.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 - Nuclear energy research and development roadmap and pathways -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nuclear reactors for power production -- 3.3 Future of nuclear power plant systems
- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What is natural gas? -- 6.2.1 How did natural gas form? -- 6.2.2 How do we get natural gas? -- 6.3 Coal -- 6.3.1 Types of coal -- 6.3.2 Coal explained: coal prices and outlook -- 6.3.3 Coal transportation costs can be significant -- 6.3.4 Most coal is purchased for power plants -- 6.3.5 The price of coal can depend on the type of transaction -- 6.3.6 A more expensive coal used to make iron and steel -- 6.3.7 The outlook for coal prices in the United States -- 6.4 Petroleum -- 6.4.1 What is crude oil and what are petroleum products? -- 6.4.2 Products made from crude oil -- 6.4.3 Nuclear energy provides one-fifth of US electricity -- 6.4.4 Nuclear fuel-uranium -- 6.5 Renewable energy sources -- 6.5.1 What is renewable energy? -- 6.5.2 What role does renewable energy play in the United States? -- 6.6 Biomass -- 6.6.1 Biomass-renewable energy from plants and animals -- 6.6.2 Converting biomass to energy -- 6.6.3 How much biomass is used for fuel? -- 6.7 Hydropower -- 6.7.1 Hydropower relies on the water cycle -- 6.7.2 Moving water drive hydroelectric power -- 6.7.3 History of hydropower -- 6.7.4 Fish ladders help salmon reach their spawning grounds -- 6.8 Geothermal power plants -- 6.8.1 Geothermal energy comes from deep inside the earth -- 6.9 Many factors influence electricity prices -- 6.10 Electricity prices are usually highest in the summer -- 6.11 Electricity prices vary by type of customer -- 6.12 Electricity prices vary by locality -- References -- Chapter 7 - Electricity production and renewable source of energy, economics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electricity production in the United States -- 7.3 Energy supply, demand, and market -- 7.4 What is a capacity market? -- 7.5 Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources -- 7.6 Role of renewable energy -- 7.7 Frequently asked questions
- Front cover -- Half title -- Full title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 1 - Population growth driving energy demand -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Energy demand projection -- 1.3 A role for everyone -- 1.4 Behind the scenes: how we forecast to 2040 -- 1.4.1 Global energy demand varies by sector -- 1.4.2 Energy demand shifts toward non-OECD -- 1.4.3 Global energy mix shifts to lower-carbon fuels -- 1.5 Transportation energy projections -- 1.5.1 Transportation energy demand growth driven by commerce -- 1.5.2 Global transportation energy demand relative to GDP -- 1.5.3 Commercial transportation grows in all aspects -- 1.5.4 Access to personal mobility increase -- 1.5.5 Efficiency mitigates light-duty demand growth -- 1.5.6 Electric vehicles grow rapidly -- 1.5.7 Liquid demand trajectory uncertain but resilient -- 1.6 Residential and commercial energy projections -- 1.6.1 Residential and commercial demand shifts to non-OECD -- 1.6.2 Residential energy use reflects efficiency gains -- 1.6.3 Electricity demand surges -- 1.6.4 Household electricity up in non-OECD -- 1.7 Industrial energy projections -- 1.7.1 Industrial undergirds global economic expansion -- 1.8 Oil, gas, and electricity fuel industrial growth -- 1.9 Heavy industry migrates to emerging markets -- 1.10 Heavy industry energy evolves toward cleaner fuels -- 1.11 Consumer demand propels chemicals growth -- 1.12 Rising prosperity lifts chemicals energy demand -- 1.13 Chemical production relies on oil and natural gas -- 1.14 Electricity and power generation projections -- 1.14.1 Electricity source shift -- 1.14.2 Natural gas and renewables dominate growth -- 1.15 Renewable penetration increases across all regions -- 1.16 Electricity generation highlights regional diversity