Emerging Freshwater Pollutants Analysis, Fate and Regulations

Emerging Freshwater Pollutants: Analysis, Fate and Regulations comprises of 20 chapters, all written by leading experts.This book is written in the most practical terms and is easy to understand, with numerous helpful examples and case studies and can be used as a practical guide and important educa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dalu, Tatenda, Tavengwa, Nikita
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Chantilly Elsevier 2022
Edition:1
Subjects:
Fresh water
Water
Water-Pollution
ISBN:0128228504, 9780128228500
Online Access:Get full text
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Table of Contents:
  • 5.3. Sample extraction techniques -- 5.3.1. Classical extraction techniques -- 5.3.1.1. Fundamentals and applications of classical extraction techniques -- Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) -- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) -- 5.3.2. Green sample preparation: Miniaturization techniques -- 5.3.2.1. Miniaturization of solid-phase extraction techniques -- 5.3.3. Miniaturization of liquid phase extractions -- 5.3.3.1. Single drop microextractions -- Direct immersion single drop microextraction (DI-SDME) -- Headspace single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) -- Three phases single drop microextraction (three-phase-SDME) -- Liquid-liquid-liquid-microextraction (LLLME) -- Continuous-flow microextraction (CFME) -- 5.3.3.2. Drop-in-drop and drop-to-drop microextraction -- 5.3.3.3. Solidification of floating organic drop microextraction (SF-ODME) -- 5.3.3.4. Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) -- 5.3.3.5. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) -- 5.4. The phase of extractions: Low-toxicity (green) solvents for LPME -- 5.4.1. Magnetic extraction solvents -- 5.4.2. Deep eutectic solvents -- 5.4.2.1. Supramolecular solvents -- 5.4.3. Ionic liquid -- 5.4.4. Amphiphilic solvents -- 5.5. Solvents selection -- 5.6. Automation of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) -- 5.7. Evaluation of liquid phase miniaturized techniques -- 5.8. Application of miniaturized liquid phase techniques -- 5.9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Head-space miniaturization techniques -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Headspace sampling -- 6.3. Applications of static and dynamic headspace sampling methods -- 6.4. Headspace sample concentration methods -- 6.5. Enrichment techniques in headspace-gas chromatography -- 6.6. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) -- 6.7. Application of GC-MS in the determination of EOCs -- 6.8. Conclusion and way forward
  • 9.6.1. Microplastic collection and separation -- 9.6.1.1. Water -- 9.6.1.2. Sediment -- 9.6.1.3. Microplastic experiments involving organisms -- 9.6.2. Detection methods -- 9.7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Sources of PPCPs in freshwaters of the developing countries -- 10.3. Overview of analytical methods for PPCPs in freshwaters of the developing countries -- 10.4. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater -- 10.4.1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics -- 10.4.2. Antibiotics -- 10.4.3. Antiretroviral drugs -- 10.4.4. eta-blockers -- 10.4.5. Lipid-regulators -- 10.4.6. Antiepileptics -- 10.4.7. Steroid hormones -- 10.4.8. Other pharmaceuticals -- 10.5. Occurrence of personal care products in freshwater -- 10.6. Health effects and environmental concerns -- 10.7. Regulations -- 10.8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Innovative liquid phase extraction based analytical extraction techniques of antibiotics -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Liquid phase extraction -- 11.3. Extractive solvents -- 11.3.1. Supermolecular solvents -- 11.3.2. Ionic liquids -- 11.3.3. Deep eutectic solvents -- 11.3.4. Other solvents -- 11.4. Conclusion and future work -- References -- Chapter 12: Pesticides in aquatic matrices in developing countries: What do we know so far? -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Sources, transport, and fate in the environment -- 12.2.1. Sources in the environment -- 12.2.1.1. Agriculture use -- 12.2.1.2. Urban use -- 12.2.2. Pesticide transport in surface waters -- 12.2.3. Transformation products of the pesticides in aquatic matrices -- 12.3. Pesticide occurrence in developing countries -- 12.4. Risk assessment for the protection of aquatic life -- 12.5. Regulatory challenges in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean -- 12.5.1. Brazil
  • References -- Part 2: Fate and occurrence of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems -- Chapter 7: The fate of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems: An overview -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Sources and occurrence of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems -- 7.3. Route of entry of emerging pollutants into aquatic systems -- 7.4. Processes influencing emerging pollutant fate and transport -- 7.5. Influence of physicochemical properties on the fate of emerging pollutants -- 7.5.1. Poly- and perfluorinated compounds -- 7.5.2. Brominated flame retardants -- 7.5.3. Pharmaceuticals -- 7.5.4. Personal care products -- 7.5.5. Geogenic and natural pollutants -- 7.5.6. Engineered nanomaterials -- 7.5.7. Implications of chirality on fate and transport -- 7.6. Current approaches in assessing the fate of emerging pollutants -- 7.7. Conclusion and outlook -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 8: Remediation of emerging pollutants through various wastewater treatment processes -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Occurrence and impacts emerging pollutants -- 8.3. Wastewater treatment processes for the removal of emerging pollutants -- 8.3.1. Adsorption technology -- 8.3.2. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) -- 8.3.3. Removal by biological technologies -- 8.3.4. Removal by membrane technology processes -- 8.4. Summary and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems with special reference to tropical systems: Detection, impact, and mana ... -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.1.1. Source and types of microplastics in freshwaters -- 9.2. Occurrence of microplastics in freshwaters worldwide -- 9.3. Ingestion and impact of microplastics in freshwater fish -- 9.4. Ingestion and impact of microplastic on freshwater invertebrates -- 9.5. Management of water waste systems and microplastics -- 9.6. Practical approaches to microplastic studies
  • 12.5.2. Argentina
  • Chapter 3: Monitoring techniques-Grab and passive sampling -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Grab sampling techniques in freshwater monitoring -- 3.2.1. Compatibility of container and equipment material with water samples -- 3.2.2. Sample preservation and storage -- 3.2.3. Sample collection techniques -- 3.3. Passive samplers-Background and theory -- 3.3.1. Single-phase passive samplers -- 3.3.2. Multi-phase passive samplers -- 3.3.3. Calibration -- 3.4. Passive sampling of non-polar chemicals of emerging concern -- 3.5. Passive sampling of Inorganic metals and nutrients -- 3.6. Passive sampling of polar chemicals of emerging concern -- 3.6.1. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides -- 3.6.2. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances -- 3.6.3. Other polar emerging contaminants -- 3.7. Quality assurance-Quality control -- 3.8. Application of sampling techniques to water quality guidelines -- 3.8.1. Chemical variation -- 3.8.2. Temporal variation -- 3.8.3. Spatial variation -- 3.8.4. Overall applicability -- 3.9. Current limitations and opportunities with grab and passive sampling -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4: Miniaturized solid phase extraction -- 4.1. Overview -- 4.2. Solid-phase extraction -- 4.3. Miniaturization of solid-phase extraction -- 4.3.1. Solid-phase micro-extraction -- 4.3.2. Micro solid-phase extraction -- 4.3.3. Stir bar sorptive extraction -- 4.3.4. Micro-extraction with packed sorbent -- 4.4. Novel sorptive materials -- 4.5. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 5: The miniaturization of liquid-phase extraction techniques -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Environmental fate of emerging pollutants -- 5.2.1. Persistence of pharmaceutical and personal care products -- 5.2.2. Sources of pharmaceutical and personal care products -- 5.2.3. Pharmaceutical and personal care products in the freshwater
  • Intro -- Emerging Freshwater Pollutants: Analysis, Fate and Regulations -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Introduction to emerging freshwater pollutants -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The fate of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems -- 1.3. Treatment in wastewater treatment plants -- 1.4. Monitoring techniques -- 1.5. Laboratory sample pretreatment -- 1.6. Analyte extractive techniques -- 1.7. Management policies and legislations on emerging pollutants -- 1.8. Conclusion -- References -- Part 1: Monitoring techniques, current analytical approaches, and instrumental analyses -- Chapter 2: Stream biomonitoring: The role of diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fish -- 2.1. Introduction to biomonitoring -- 2.2. History of aquatic biomonitoring -- 2.3. Practical guide to biomonitoring -- 2.3.1. Diatoms -- 2.3.1.1. The use of diatoms in biomonitoring -- 2.3.2. Diatoms sampling protocols -- 2.3.2.1. Laboratory-based approach -- Field sampling procedures and sampling habitats -- Laboratory procedures: Diatom preparation, identification, and counts -- Field equipment for diatom sampling-natural substrates -- Laboratory equipment for diatom processing and identification -- 2.3.2.2. Field-based rapid periphyton survey-viewing bucket survey method -- 2.4. Macroinvertebrates -- 2.4.1. The use of aquatic macroinvertebrates in biomonitoring -- Field equipment -- 2.4.2. Macroinvertebrate sampling tools -- 2.4.3. Macroinvertebrates sampling habitats -- 2.4.4. Sample processing and identification of macroinvertebrates -- 2.5. Fish -- 2.5.1. Biomonitoring using fish -- 2.5.2. Collection of fish species samples -- 2.5.2.1. Active fishing gear -- 2.5.2.2. Passive fishing gear -- 2.5.3. Fish indices -- 2.5.4. Other fish biomonitoring techniques -- 2.6. Recommendations -- References