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Integrative metabolomics and hormonal profiling reveal biomarkers of milk yield efficiency in Sapera dairy goats under tropical conditions.

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Titel: Integrative metabolomics and hormonal profiling reveal biomarkers of milk yield efficiency in Sapera dairy goats under tropical conditions.
Autoren: Islamiyati, Rohmiyatul1 islamiyati@unhas.ac.id, Azis, Ismah Ulfiyah1 Ismahulfiyahazis@unhas.ac.id, Amal, Ichlasul2 ichlasulamal@unhas.ac.id, Bahar, Muhammad Ridwan2 muhridwanb@unhas.ac.id, Sabil, Syahriana3 syahrianasabil@unhas.ac.id, Santoso, Santoso4 sant008@brin.go.id, Khan, Faheem Ahmad4 fahe001@brin.go.id, Nurlatifah, Aeni5 aeninurlatifah@ugm.ac.id, Diansyah, Athhar Manabi3 athhar.md@unhas.ac.id, Irawan, Fahrul1 fahrul.irawan@gmail.com, Damayanti, Erni3 erni.damayanti@unhas.ac.id
Quelle: Veterinary World. Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p3594-3606. 13p.
Publikationsart: Article
Schlagworte: Milk yield, Biomarkers, Metabolomics, Nutritional status, Metabolic profile tests, Lactation, Tropical conditions, Goats
Author-Supplied Keywords: biomarkers
goat milk
insulin-like growth factor-1
leptin
metabolomics
precision nutrition
Sapera breed
ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry
Abstract: Background and Aim: Milk yield variability in tropical dairy goats is driven not only by nutrition but also by complex metabolic and hormonal regulation. Conventional nutrition studies often overlook the physiological mechanisms underlying lactation efficiency. This study aimed to integrate metabolomic and hormonal analyses to identify biomarkers associated with high and low milk yield performance in Sapera goats. It provides the first untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomics characterization linking metabolic and endocrine profiles to lactational efficiency in tropical dairy systems. Materials and Methods: Twenty lactating Sapera goats were categorized into two groups: High-yielding (HY) (>1000 mL/day) and low-yielding (LY) (≤1000 mL/day). All animals were fed identical diets formulated according to National Research Council (2007) standards and managed under uniform housing conditions. Milk composition, blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, total protein, and triglycerides), and plasma hormones (leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1) were quantified using colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. Untargeted metabolomics of milk samples was performed using UHPLC-HRMS. Metabolites were identified through multi-database annotation, and statistical comparisons were conducted using independent t-tests with p < 0.05. Results: Milk composition did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). However, HY goats exhibited higher glucose and cholesterol concentrations and lower leptin levels (2.39 ± 0.42 ng/mL vs. 3.00 ± 0.44 ng/mL). Metabolomic analysis identified 213 metabolites, 19 unique to HYs, 28 to LYs, and 166 metabolites were found in both groups. HY goats showed enrichment of metabolites linked to lipid metabolism, membrane synthesis, and antioxidant defense (e.g., uric acid and phosphoserine derivatives), while LY goats displayed compounds indicative of metabolic stress and detoxification load (e.g., glycocholic acid and 3-furoic acid). Integrative correlation mapping revealed coordinated regulation between blood and milk metabolites in HY animals. Conclusion: HY and LY goats possess distinct metabolic and hormonal signatures despite similar milk composition. Identified biomarkers such as uric acid and glycerophosphoserine highlight pathways supporting efficient nutrient utilization and milk synthesis. These findings provide a foundation for precision feeding and biomarker-guided selection strategies to enhance productivity and sustainability in tropical dairy goat systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Author Affiliations: 1Department of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
2Department of Animal Feed Technology, Faculty of Vocational Study, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
3Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
4Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
5Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
ISSN: 0972-8988
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.3594-3606
Dokumentencode: 189867710
Datenbank: Veterinary Source
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  Data: Integrative metabolomics and hormonal profiling reveal biomarkers of milk yield efficiency in Sapera dairy goats under tropical conditions.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Islamiyati%2C+Rohmiyatul%22&quot;&gt;Islamiyati, Rohmiyatul&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; islamiyati@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Azis%2C+Ismah+Ulfiyah%22&quot;&gt;Azis, Ismah Ulfiyah&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; Ismahulfiyahazis@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Amal%2C+Ichlasul%22&quot;&gt;Amal, Ichlasul&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; ichlasulamal@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Bahar%2C+Muhammad+Ridwan%22&quot;&gt;Bahar, Muhammad Ridwan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; muhridwanb@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Sabil%2C+Syahriana%22&quot;&gt;Sabil, Syahriana&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; syahrianasabil@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Santoso%2C+Santoso%22&quot;&gt;Santoso, Santoso&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; sant008@brin.go.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Khan%2C+Faheem+Ahmad%22&quot;&gt;Khan, Faheem Ahmad&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; fahe001@brin.go.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Nurlatifah%2C+Aeni%22&quot;&gt;Nurlatifah, Aeni&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; aeninurlatifah@ugm.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Diansyah%2C+Athhar+Manabi%22&quot;&gt;Diansyah, Athhar Manabi&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; athhar.md@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Irawan%2C+Fahrul%22&quot;&gt;Irawan, Fahrul&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; fahrul.irawan@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Damayanti%2C+Erni%22&quot;&gt;Damayanti, Erni&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; erni.damayanti@unhas.ac.id&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: Background and Aim: Milk yield variability in tropical dairy goats is driven not only by nutrition but also by complex metabolic and hormonal regulation. Conventional nutrition studies often overlook the physiological mechanisms underlying lactation efficiency. This study aimed to integrate metabolomic and hormonal analyses to identify biomarkers associated with high and low milk yield performance in Sapera goats. It provides the first untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomics characterization linking metabolic and endocrine profiles to lactational efficiency in tropical dairy systems. Materials and Methods: Twenty lactating Sapera goats were categorized into two groups: High-yielding (HY) (&gt;1000 mL/day) and low-yielding (LY) (≤1000 mL/day). All animals were fed identical diets formulated according to National Research Council (2007) standards and managed under uniform housing conditions. Milk composition, blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, total protein, and triglycerides), and plasma hormones (leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1) were quantified using colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. Untargeted metabolomics of milk samples was performed using UHPLC-HRMS. Metabolites were identified through multi-database annotation, and statistical comparisons were conducted using independent t-tests with p &lt; 0.05. Results: Milk composition did not differ significantly between groups (p &gt; 0.05). However, HY goats exhibited higher glucose and cholesterol concentrations and lower leptin levels (2.39 &#177; 0.42 ng/mL vs. 3.00 &#177; 0.44 ng/mL). Metabolomic analysis identified 213 metabolites, 19 unique to HYs, 28 to LYs, and 166 metabolites were found in both groups. HY goats showed enrichment of metabolites linked to lipid metabolism, membrane synthesis, and antioxidant defense (e.g., uric acid and phosphoserine derivatives), while LY goats displayed compounds indicative of metabolic stress and detoxification load (e.g., glycocholic acid and 3-furoic acid). Integrative correlation mapping revealed coordinated regulation between blood and milk metabolites in HY animals. Conclusion: HY and LY goats possess distinct metabolic and hormonal signatures despite similar milk composition. Identified biomarkers such as uric acid and glycerophosphoserine highlight pathways supporting efficient nutrient utilization and milk synthesis. These findings provide a foundation for precision feeding and biomarker-guided selection strategies to enhance productivity and sustainability in tropical dairy goat systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Veterinary World is the property of Veterinary World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Milk yield
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
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      – SubjectFull: Metabolomics
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