Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and biomarkers of pollution in Mediterranean deep-sea organisms / Bioacumulación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) y biomarcadores en organismos del mar Mediterráneo profundo
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| Titel: | Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and biomarkers of pollution in Mediterranean deep-sea organisms / Bioacumulación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) y biomarcadores en organismos del mar Mediterráneo profundo |
|---|---|
| Autoren: | Koenig, Samuel |
| Weitere Verfasser: | University/Department: Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Fisiologia (Biologia) |
| Thesis Advisors: | Solé i Rovira, Montserrat, Fernández Ramón, Pilar, Navarro Alvarez, Isabel |
| Quelle: | TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa) |
| Verlagsinformationen: | Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. |
| Publikationsjahr: | 2012 |
| Beschreibung: | 227 p. |
| Original Identifier: | B. 5266-2013 |
| Schlagwörter: | Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua, Contaminantes orgánicos en el agua, Organic water pollutants, Contaminants persistents, Contaminantes persistentes, Persistent pollutants, Marcadors bioquímics, Marcadores bioquímicos, Biochemical markers, Bioacumulació, Bioacumulación, Bioaccumulation, Mediterrània (Mar), Mediterráneo, Mediterranean Sea, Mar profundo, Deep Sea, Mar profund, Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques |
| Beschreibung: | The deep-sea has long been considered the last region one Earth to be untouched from anthropogenic disturbances. However, studies have shown that the deep-sea is not as pristine as once assumed and it has been suggested that it may actually act as a sink for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are ubiquitous in the environment and of particular concern due to their high persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation potential and long-range transport. Although POPs have been detected in a range of deep-sea organisms from around the world, little is known on the potential impact anthropogenic contamination may have on deep-sea ecosystems. Thus, the present thesis aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of POPs and potential adverse effects in deep-sea organisms resulting from exposure to these contaminants. To this end, a range of different contaminants, including legacy (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDTs], hexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs]) and emergent (e.g. polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs]) POPs, as well as other contaminant classes such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs) and mercury (Hg) were determined in different Mediterranean deep-sea organisms. Results showed that Mediterranean deep-sea organisms are potentially exposed to a wide range of contaminants, some of them potentially causing a risk for the deep-sea ecosystem as well as for human health. In this context, the present work presents one of the few studies and the first in the Mediterranean to simultaneously determine the bioaccumulation of legacy POPs and emergent PBDEs in deep-sea organisms. Moreover, the presence of APs in deep-sea fauna has not been previously investigated and this thesis thus provides novel information on the presence of these contaminants in remote marine environment. Also, Hg contamination could be of particular concern for deep-sea environments as levels appeared to increase with increasing habitat depth of the analyzed species. Furthermore, almost all species, including the commercially exploited fish Mora moro and the highly valuable red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, exhibited Hg levels exceeding the recommended consumption value of 0.5 μg/g wet weight and thus potentially pose a risk for human health. In addition to chemical analyses, biomarkers of pollution including enzymatic activities and gene expression profiles were used to determine the potential negative effects contaminant exposure may have on deep-sea biota. The biomarkers applied include enzymes involved in the xenobiotic metabolism such as the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), carboxylesterase (CbE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as antioxidant responses such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The present work has shown that despite the lack of seasonal fluctuations of abiotic factors such as temperature and salinity in the Mediterranean deep-sea, organisms exhibit significant seasonal variability in enzymatic responses related to reproductive processes and food availability. Additional findings of the present work include the differential accumulation of POPs among fish species and compared to the crustacean Aristeus antennatus. Apart from factors such as habitat and feeding strategies, results indicated that differential CYP-mediated xenobiotic metabolism capacities between fish and crustacea may influence the variations in bioaccumulation patterns of POPs such as PCBs. Furthermore, novel biomarkers such as the gene expression of vitellogenin as indicator of endocrine disruption in male fish was applied for the first time to a deep-sea fish species, namely Alepocephalus rostratus. Furthermore, a major objective of this work was to investigate the particular case of submarine canyons, which are thought to act as natural conduits for particles and associated contaminants from surface waters to the deep ocean. In this sense, the present study showed that deep-sea organisms dwelling within the head of Blanes canyon, NW Mediterranean, might be particularly at risk from experiencing detrimental effects from exposure to anthropogenic pollutants. |
| Description (Translated): | Durante mucho tiempo, el mar profundo se consideraba como el único medio exento de impacto antropogénico. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas varios estudios han demostrado que el mar profundo no es tan prístino como se había pensado y que podría de hecho actuar como sumidero para contaminantes persistentes. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo de estudiar la bioacumulación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) en organismos del mar Mediterráneo profundo y los posibles efectos adversos que les pueden ocasionar. Con este fin, se determinaron los niveles de COPs legados como los bifenilos policlorados (PCBs), diclodifeniltricloroetano (DDTs), hexaclorociclohexanos (HCHs), y el penta- y hexaclorobenzeno (PeCB, HCB) y también de COPs emergentes como los polibromodifenil éteres (PBDEs). Además, se analizaron otros tipos de contaminantes como el mercurio (Hg) en musculatura y los metabolitos de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs) y alquilfenoles (APs) en bilis. Los posibles efectos negativos asociados con la exposición a estos contaminantes se determinaron mediante biomarcadores enzimáticos y de expresión génica, incluyendo enzimas de citocromo P450 (CYPs), glutatión-S-transferasa (GST), carboxilesterasa (CbE), glutatión peroxidasa (GPX), glutatión reductasa (GR) y catalasa (CAT). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los organismos de las zonas profundas del Mediterráneo están potencialmente expuestos a múltiples tipos de contaminantes de los cuales algunos pueden causar efectos adversos. En este contexto, este estudio es el primero en investigar los niveles de COPs legados y los emergentes PBDEs en organismos de gran profundidad del Mediterráneo. Además, se analizó por primera vez la presencia de metabolitos de APs en una especie abisal aportando información relevante respeto a la presencia y destino de estos contaminantes en el medio marino. Un objetivo importante de esta tesis consistía en investigar la contaminación del cañón de Blanes, ya que los cañones submarinos podrían actuar como vía de transporte preferencial de contaminantes asociados a partículas debido a su proximidad de la costa y su estructura geomorfológica. En este sentido, los resultados sugirieron que los organismos que habitan la zona de la cabecera del cañón de Blanes presentan un riesgo mayor de sufrir efectos adversos asociados a la exposición a COPs. |
| Publikationsart: | Dissertation/Thesis |
| Dateibeschreibung: | application/pdf |
| Sprache: | English |
| Zugangs-URL: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104150 |
| Rights: | ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. |
| Dokumentencode: | edstdx.10803.104150 |
| Datenbank: | TDX |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104150# Name: EDS - TDX (s4221598) Category: fullText Text: View record in TDX |
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| Header | DbId: edstdx DbLabel: TDX An: edstdx.10803.104150 RelevancyScore: 1298 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Dissertation/ Thesis PubTypeId: dissertation PreciseRelevancyScore: 1298.029296875 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and biomarkers of pollution in Mediterranean deep-sea organisms / Bioacumulación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) y biomarcadores en organismos del mar Mediterráneo profundo – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koenig%2C+Samuel%22">Koenig, Samuel</searchLink> – Name: Author Label: Contributors Group: Au Data: University/Department: Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Fisiologia (Biologia) – Name: Author Label: Thesis Advisors Group: Au Data: Solé i Rovira, Montserrat<br />Fernández Ramón, Pilar<br />Navarro Alvarez, Isabel – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa) – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2012 – Name: PhysDesc Label: Physical Description Group: PhysDesc Data: 227 p. – Name: AN Label: Original Identifier Group: ID Data: B. 5266-2013 – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contaminants+orgànics+de+l'aigua%22">Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contaminantes+orgánicos+en+el+agua%22">Contaminantes orgánicos en el agua</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+water+pollutants%22">Organic water pollutants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contaminants+persistents%22">Contaminants persistents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contaminantes+persistentes%22">Contaminantes persistentes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Persistent+pollutants%22">Persistent pollutants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marcadors+bioquímics%22">Marcadors bioquímics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marcadores+bioquímicos%22">Marcadores bioquímicos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biochemical+markers%22">Biochemical markers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioacumulació%22">Bioacumulació</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioacumulación%22">Bioacumulación</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioaccumulation%22">Bioaccumulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediterrània+%28Mar%29%22">Mediterrània (Mar)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediterráneo%22">Mediterráneo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediterranean+Sea%22">Mediterranean Sea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mar+profundo%22">Mar profundo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deep+Sea%22">Deep Sea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mar+profund%22">Mar profund</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ciències+Experimentals+i+Matemàtiques%22">Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: The deep-sea has long been considered the last region one Earth to be untouched from anthropogenic disturbances. However, studies have shown that the deep-sea is not as pristine as once assumed and it has been suggested that it may actually act as a sink for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are ubiquitous in the environment and of particular concern due to their high persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation potential and long-range transport. Although POPs have been detected in a range of deep-sea organisms from around the world, little is known on the potential impact anthropogenic contamination may have on deep-sea ecosystems. Thus, the present thesis aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of POPs and potential adverse effects in deep-sea organisms resulting from exposure to these contaminants. To this end, a range of different contaminants, including legacy (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDTs], hexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs]) and emergent (e.g. polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs]) POPs, as well as other contaminant classes such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs) and mercury (Hg) were determined in different Mediterranean deep-sea organisms. Results showed that Mediterranean deep-sea organisms are potentially exposed to a wide range of contaminants, some of them potentially causing a risk for the deep-sea ecosystem as well as for human health. In this context, the present work presents one of the few studies and the first in the Mediterranean to simultaneously determine the bioaccumulation of legacy POPs and emergent PBDEs in deep-sea organisms. Moreover, the presence of APs in deep-sea fauna has not been previously investigated and this thesis thus provides novel information on the presence of these contaminants in remote marine environment. Also, Hg contamination could be of particular concern for deep-sea environments as levels appeared to increase with increasing habitat depth of the analyzed species. Furthermore, almost all species, including the commercially exploited fish Mora moro and the highly valuable red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, exhibited Hg levels exceeding the recommended consumption value of 0.5 μg/g wet weight and thus potentially pose a risk for human health. In addition to chemical analyses, biomarkers of pollution including enzymatic activities and gene expression profiles were used to determine the potential negative effects contaminant exposure may have on deep-sea biota. The biomarkers applied include enzymes involved in the xenobiotic metabolism such as the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), carboxylesterase (CbE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as antioxidant responses such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The present work has shown that despite the lack of seasonal fluctuations of abiotic factors such as temperature and salinity in the Mediterranean deep-sea, organisms exhibit significant seasonal variability in enzymatic responses related to reproductive processes and food availability. Additional findings of the present work include the differential accumulation of POPs among fish species and compared to the crustacean Aristeus antennatus. Apart from factors such as habitat and feeding strategies, results indicated that differential CYP-mediated xenobiotic metabolism capacities between fish and crustacea may influence the variations in bioaccumulation patterns of POPs such as PCBs. Furthermore, novel biomarkers such as the gene expression of vitellogenin as indicator of endocrine disruption in male fish was applied for the first time to a deep-sea fish species, namely Alepocephalus rostratus. Furthermore, a major objective of this work was to investigate the particular case of submarine canyons, which are thought to act as natural conduits for particles and associated contaminants from surface waters to the deep ocean. In this sense, the present study showed that deep-sea organisms dwelling within the head of Blanes canyon, NW Mediterranean, might be particularly at risk from experiencing detrimental effects from exposure to anthropogenic pollutants. – Name: Abstract Label: Description (Translated) Group: Ab Data: Durante mucho tiempo, el mar profundo se consideraba como el único medio exento de impacto antropogénico. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas varios estudios han demostrado que el mar profundo no es tan prístino como se había pensado y que podría de hecho actuar como sumidero para contaminantes persistentes. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo de estudiar la bioacumulación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) en organismos del mar Mediterráneo profundo y los posibles efectos adversos que les pueden ocasionar. Con este fin, se determinaron los niveles de COPs legados como los bifenilos policlorados (PCBs), diclodifeniltricloroetano (DDTs), hexaclorociclohexanos (HCHs), y el penta- y hexaclorobenzeno (PeCB, HCB) y también de COPs emergentes como los polibromodifenil éteres (PBDEs). Además, se analizaron otros tipos de contaminantes como el mercurio (Hg) en musculatura y los metabolitos de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs) y alquilfenoles (APs) en bilis. Los posibles efectos negativos asociados con la exposición a estos contaminantes se determinaron mediante biomarcadores enzimáticos y de expresión génica, incluyendo enzimas de citocromo P450 (CYPs), glutatión-S-transferasa (GST), carboxilesterasa (CbE), glutatión peroxidasa (GPX), glutatión reductasa (GR) y catalasa (CAT). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los organismos de las zonas profundas del Mediterráneo están potencialmente expuestos a múltiples tipos de contaminantes de los cuales algunos pueden causar efectos adversos. En este contexto, este estudio es el primero en investigar los niveles de COPs legados y los emergentes PBDEs en organismos de gran profundidad del Mediterráneo. Además, se analizó por primera vez la presencia de metabolitos de APs en una especie abisal aportando información relevante respeto a la presencia y destino de estos contaminantes en el medio marino. Un objetivo importante de esta tesis consistía en investigar la contaminación del cañón de Blanes, ya que los cañones submarinos podrían actuar como vía de transporte preferencial de contaminantes asociados a partículas debido a su proximidad de la costa y su estructura geomorfológica. En este sentido, los resultados sugirieron que los organismos que habitan la zona de la cabecera del cañón de Blanes presentan un riesgo mayor de sufrir efectos adversos asociados a la exposición a COPs. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: Dissertation/Thesis – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: application/pdf – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: URL Label: Access URL Group: URL Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104150" linkWindow="_blank">http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104150</link> – Name: Copyright Label: Rights Group: Cpyrght Data: ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edstdx.10803.104150 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 227 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Contaminants orgànics de l'aigua Type: general – SubjectFull: Contaminantes orgánicos en el agua Type: general – SubjectFull: Organic water pollutants Type: general – SubjectFull: Contaminants persistents Type: general – SubjectFull: Contaminantes persistentes Type: general – SubjectFull: Persistent pollutants Type: general – SubjectFull: Marcadors bioquímics Type: general – SubjectFull: Marcadores bioquímicos Type: general – SubjectFull: Biochemical markers Type: general – SubjectFull: Bioacumulació Type: general – SubjectFull: Bioacumulación Type: general – SubjectFull: Bioaccumulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Mediterrània (Mar) Type: general – SubjectFull: Mediterráneo Type: general – SubjectFull: Mediterranean Sea Type: general – SubjectFull: Mar profundo Type: general – SubjectFull: Deep Sea Type: general – SubjectFull: Mar profund Type: general – SubjectFull: Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and biomarkers of pollution in Mediterranean deep-sea organisms / Bioacumulación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) y biomarcadores en organismos del mar Mediterráneo profundo Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Koenig, Samuel IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 29 M: 10 Type: published Y: 2012 |
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