Pedestrian and Passenger Interaction with Autonomous Vehicles: Field Study in a Crosswalk Scenario

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Title: Pedestrian and Passenger Interaction with Autonomous Vehicles: Field Study in a Crosswalk Scenario
Authors: Izquierdo, Rubén, Alonso, Javier, Benderius, Ola, 1985, Sotelo, Miguel Ángel, Fernández Llorca, David
Source: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 41(15):9587-9605
Subject Terms: iHMI, crosswalk, eHMI, Autonomous driving, passenger, pedestrian, interaction
Description: This study presents the outcomes of empirical investigations pertaining to human-vehicle interactions involving an autonomous vehicle (AV) equipped with both internal and external Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) within a crosswalk scenario. The internal and external HMIs were integrated with implicit communication techniques, incorporating a combination of gentle and aggressive braking manoeuvres within the crosswalk. Data were collected through a combination of questionnaires and quantifiable metrics, including pedestrian decision to cross related to the vehicle distance and speed. The questionnaire responses reveal that pedestrians experience enhanced safety perceptions when the external HMI and gentle braking manoeuvres are used in tandem. In contrast, the measured variables demonstrate that the external HMI proves effective when complemented by the gentle braking manoeuvre. Furthermore, the questionnaire results highlight that the internal HMI enhances passenger confidence only when paired with the aggressive braking manoeuvre.
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  Data: Pedestrian and Passenger Interaction with Autonomous Vehicles: Field Study in a Crosswalk Scenario
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Izquierdo%2C+Rubén%22">Izquierdo, Rubén</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alonso%2C+Javier%22">Alonso, Javier</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benderius%2C+Ola%22">Benderius, Ola</searchLink>, 1985<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sotelo%2C+Miguel+Ángel%22">Sotelo, Miguel Ángel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernández+Llorca%2C+David%22">Fernández Llorca, David</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction</i>. 41(15):9587-9605
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22iHMI%22">iHMI</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22crosswalk%22">crosswalk</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22eHMI%22">eHMI</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autonomous+driving%22">Autonomous driving</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22passenger%22">passenger</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22pedestrian%22">pedestrian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22interaction%22">interaction</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study presents the outcomes of empirical investigations pertaining to human-vehicle interactions involving an autonomous vehicle (AV) equipped with both internal and external Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) within a crosswalk scenario. The internal and external HMIs were integrated with implicit communication techniques, incorporating a combination of gentle and aggressive braking manoeuvres within the crosswalk. Data were collected through a combination of questionnaires and quantifiable metrics, including pedestrian decision to cross related to the vehicle distance and speed. The questionnaire responses reveal that pedestrians experience enhanced safety perceptions when the external HMI and gentle braking manoeuvres are used in tandem. In contrast, the measured variables demonstrate that the external HMI proves effective when complemented by the gentle braking manoeuvre. Furthermore, the questionnaire results highlight that the internal HMI enhances passenger confidence only when paired with the aggressive braking manoeuvre.
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        Value: 10.1080/10447318.2024.2426856
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      – Text: English
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        StartPage: 9587
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: crosswalk
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: eHMI
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      – SubjectFull: passenger
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      – SubjectFull: pedestrian
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            NameFull: Alonso, Javier
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            NameFull: Sotelo, Miguel Ángel
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            NameFull: Fernández Llorca, David
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              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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