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Surrogate based optimisation of a pump mode startup sequence for a contra-rotating pump-turbine using a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics

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Title: Surrogate based optimisation of a pump mode startup sequence for a contra-rotating pump-turbine using a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Fahlbeck, Jonathan, 1992, Nilsson, Håkan, 1971, Salehi, Saeed, 1987
Source: Augmenting grid stability through Low-head Pumped Hydro Energy Utilization & Storage (ALPHEUS) Journal of Energy Storage. 62
Subject Terms: Surrogate based optimisation, Computational fluid dynamics, Pumped hydro storage, Optimising transient, Startup operation, Gaussian-process
Description: Contra-rotating pump-turbines (CRPT) have been proposed as a new solution for pumped hydro storage (PHS) at low-head sites. The two individually operated runners give both flexibility and complexity during transient operation, such as startup. This paper presents an optimisation approach for the pump mode startup sequence of a CRPT. The aim is to minimise the loads during fast startups and thus extend the lifetime and increase the flexibility of the CRPT. The startup sequence is decomposed into five design variables which determine a valve opening and the speedup of each runner rotational speed. The optimisation procedure includes transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and global surrogate-based optimisation (SBO). An objective function, based on an integration of the time derivative of the axial force, is derived and transformed into a Gaussian-process surrogate model. The results show that the SBO can predict an optimal combination of the five variables that limits unfavourable load variations during the pump mode startup sequence. For an optimal startup sequence, the valve should be opened up during 73% of the sequence, the upstream runner should speed up during most of the sequence, and the downstream runner should speed up during the final third of the sequence. The outcome of this work is beneficial for a safe startup operation of possible future PHS with CRPTs.
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Surrogate based optimisation of a pump mode startup sequence for a contra-rotating pump-turbine using a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fahlbeck%2C+Jonathan%22">Fahlbeck, Jonathan</searchLink>, 1992<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nilsson%2C+Håkan%22">Nilsson, Håkan</searchLink>, 1971<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salehi%2C+Saeed%22">Salehi, Saeed</searchLink>, 1987
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Augmenting grid stability through Low-head Pumped Hydro Energy Utilization & Storage (ALPHEUS) Journal of Energy Storage</i>. 62
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surrogate+based+optimisation%22">Surrogate based optimisation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+fluid+dynamics%22">Computational fluid dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pumped+hydro+storage%22">Pumped hydro storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimising+transient%22">Optimising transient</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Startup+operation%22">Startup operation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gaussian-process%22">Gaussian-process</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: Contra-rotating pump-turbines (CRPT) have been proposed as a new solution for pumped hydro storage (PHS) at low-head sites. The two individually operated runners give both flexibility and complexity during transient operation, such as startup. This paper presents an optimisation approach for the pump mode startup sequence of a CRPT. The aim is to minimise the loads during fast startups and thus extend the lifetime and increase the flexibility of the CRPT. The startup sequence is decomposed into five design variables which determine a valve opening and the speedup of each runner rotational speed. The optimisation procedure includes transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and global surrogate-based optimisation (SBO). An objective function, based on an integration of the time derivative of the axial force, is derived and transformed into a Gaussian-process surrogate model. The results show that the SBO can predict an optimal combination of the five variables that limits unfavourable load variations during the pump mode startup sequence. For an optimal startup sequence, the valve should be opened up during 73% of the sequence, the upstream runner should speed up during most of the sequence, and the downstream runner should speed up during the final third of the sequence. The outcome of this work is beneficial for a safe startup operation of possible future PHS with CRPTs.
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.est.2023.106902
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      – Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Surrogate based optimisation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computational fluid dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pumped hydro storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optimising transient
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Startup operation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gaussian-process
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Surrogate based optimisation of a pump mode startup sequence for a contra-rotating pump-turbine using a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics
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            NameFull: Fahlbeck, Jonathan
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            NameFull: Nilsson, Håkan
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            NameFull: Salehi, Saeed
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              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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              Value: 62
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Augmenting grid stability through Low-head Pumped Hydro Energy Utilization & Storage (ALPHEUS) Journal of Energy Storage
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