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A Singular Molecule-to-Molecule Transformation on Video: The Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerene C-60 from Truxene Derivative C60H30

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Title: A Singular Molecule-to-Molecule Transformation on Video: The Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerene C-60 from Truxene Derivative C60H30
Authors: Lungerich, Dominik, Hölzel, Helen, 1991, Harano, Koji, Jux, Norbert, Amsharov, Konstantin Yu, Nakamura, Eiichi
Source: ACS Nano. 15(8):12804-12814
Subject Terms: cyclodehydrogenation, DFT-modeling, fullerene, transmission electron microscopy, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, single-molecule dynamics
Description: Singular reaction events of small molecules and their dynamics remain a hardly understood territory in chemical sciences since spectroscopy relies on ensemble-averaged data, and microscopic scanning probe techniques show snapshots of frozen scenes. Herein, we report on continuous high-resolution transmission electron microscopic video imaging of the electron-beam-induced bottom-up synthesis of fullerene C-60 through cyclodehydrogenation of tailor-made truxene derivative 1 (C60H30), which was deposited on graphene as substrate. During the reaction, C60H30 transformed in a multistep process to fullerene C-60. Hereby, the precursor, metastable intermediates, and the product were identified by correlations with electron dose-corrected molecular simulations and single-molecule statistical analysis, which were substantiated with extensive density functional theory calculations. Our observations revealed that the initial cyclodehydrogenation pathway leads to thermodynamically favored intermediates through seemingly classical organic reaction mechanisms. However, dynamic interactions of the intermediates with the substrate render graphene as a non-innocent participant in the dehydrogenation process, which leads to a deviation from the classical reaction pathway. Our precise visual comprehension of the dynamic transformation implies that the outcome of electron-beam-initiated reactions can be controlled with careful molecular precursor design, which is important for the development and design of materials by electron beam lithography.
Access URL: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/526122
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  Data: A Singular Molecule-to-Molecule Transformation on Video: The Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerene C-60 from Truxene Derivative C60H30
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lungerich%2C+Dominik%22">Lungerich, Dominik</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hölzel%2C+Helen%22">Hölzel, Helen</searchLink>, 1991<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harano%2C+Koji%22">Harano, Koji</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jux%2C+Norbert%22">Jux, Norbert</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amsharov%2C+Konstantin+Yu%22">Amsharov, Konstantin Yu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakamura%2C+Eiichi%22">Nakamura, Eiichi</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>ACS Nano</i>. 15(8):12804-12814
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22cyclodehydrogenation%22">cyclodehydrogenation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DFT-modeling%22">DFT-modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22fullerene%22">fullerene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22transmission+electron+microscopy%22">transmission electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon%22">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22single-molecule+dynamics%22">single-molecule dynamics</searchLink>
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  Label: Description
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  Data: Singular reaction events of small molecules and their dynamics remain a hardly understood territory in chemical sciences since spectroscopy relies on ensemble-averaged data, and microscopic scanning probe techniques show snapshots of frozen scenes. Herein, we report on continuous high-resolution transmission electron microscopic video imaging of the electron-beam-induced bottom-up synthesis of fullerene C-60 through cyclodehydrogenation of tailor-made truxene derivative 1 (C60H30), which was deposited on graphene as substrate. During the reaction, C60H30 transformed in a multistep process to fullerene C-60. Hereby, the precursor, metastable intermediates, and the product were identified by correlations with electron dose-corrected molecular simulations and single-molecule statistical analysis, which were substantiated with extensive density functional theory calculations. Our observations revealed that the initial cyclodehydrogenation pathway leads to thermodynamically favored intermediates through seemingly classical organic reaction mechanisms. However, dynamic interactions of the intermediates with the substrate render graphene as a non-innocent participant in the dehydrogenation process, which leads to a deviation from the classical reaction pathway. Our precise visual comprehension of the dynamic transformation implies that the outcome of electron-beam-initiated reactions can be controlled with careful molecular precursor design, which is important for the development and design of materials by electron beam lithography.
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        Value: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02222
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: cyclodehydrogenation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DFT-modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: fullerene
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      – SubjectFull: transmission electron microscopy
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      – SubjectFull: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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      – SubjectFull: single-molecule dynamics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Singular Molecule-to-Molecule Transformation on Video: The Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerene C-60 from Truxene Derivative C60H30
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            NameFull: Lungerich, Dominik
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            NameFull: Hölzel, Helen
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            NameFull: Harano, Koji
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            NameFull: Amsharov, Konstantin Yu
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            NameFull: Nakamura, Eiichi
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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            – TitleFull: ACS Nano
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