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Experimental investigation of dust explosions with a focus on black mass in battery recycling

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Titel: Experimental investigation of dust explosions with a focus on black mass in battery recycling
Autoren: Huang, Chen, 1981, Lipatnikov, Andrei, 1961, Lövström, Cecilia, Smajovic, Nijaz, Andersson, Leena, Ismail, Abdelrahman
Quelle: SafeDust ReLIB: En förstudie om säkerhet kring dammexplosioner vid återvinning av Lithiumbatterier Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 94
Schlagwörter: recycling, water content, Lithium-Ion battery, organic solvent, process safety, particle size distribution, Dust explosion, black mass
Beschreibung: The number of batteries in various applications at end-of-life and production waste from battery gigafactories increase significantly. At the same time, new EU regulations are introduced to promote battery recycling, which is a new and rapidly growing business. Large amounts of combustible dust are generated in battery recycling. Managing combustible dust hazards at the battery recycling plants is one of the key factors to minimize the incidents and down time and, therefore, to improve the work environment, and to increase the profitability of the business. Accordingly, the present work aims at exploring the risk of explosion of black mass dusts associated with battery recycling. Specifically, four black mass samples from different battery recycling plants are experimentally investigated. Microscope images, particle size distribution, water content and organic carbonates are analyzed. Dust explosion experiments are performed in a 20-L vessel. Parameters including dust concentration, ignition energy, ignition delay, dust injection pressure are varied. Results show that a 10 kJ ignition energy cannot generate high explosion overpressure, whereas an ignition energy of 20 kJ yields an explosion over-pressure above 6 bar for black mass sample C at a concentration of 300 g/m3. The obtained experimental results are compared with published data on various explosion-related characteristics of other dusts relevant to battery recycling, in particular, aluminum and graphite dusts.
Dateibeschreibung: electronic
Zugangs-URL: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/544507
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/544385
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/544507/file/544507_Fulltext.pdf
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Items – Name: Title
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  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental investigation of dust explosions with a focus on black mass in battery recycling
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Chen%22">Huang, Chen</searchLink>, 1981<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lipatnikov%2C+Andrei%22">Lipatnikov, Andrei</searchLink>, 1961<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lövström%2C+Cecilia%22">Lövström, Cecilia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smajovic%2C+Nijaz%22">Smajovic, Nijaz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andersson%2C+Leena%22">Andersson, Leena</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ismail%2C+Abdelrahman%22">Ismail, Abdelrahman</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>SafeDust ReLIB: En förstudie om säkerhet kring dammexplosioner vid återvinning av Lithiumbatterier Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries</i>. 94
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22recycling%22">recycling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22water+content%22">water content</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium-Ion+battery%22">Lithium-Ion battery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22organic+solvent%22">organic solvent</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22process+safety%22">process safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22particle+size+distribution%22">particle size distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dust+explosion%22">Dust explosion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22black+mass%22">black mass</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: The number of batteries in various applications at end-of-life and production waste from battery gigafactories increase significantly. At the same time, new EU regulations are introduced to promote battery recycling, which is a new and rapidly growing business. Large amounts of combustible dust are generated in battery recycling. Managing combustible dust hazards at the battery recycling plants is one of the key factors to minimize the incidents and down time and, therefore, to improve the work environment, and to increase the profitability of the business. Accordingly, the present work aims at exploring the risk of explosion of black mass dusts associated with battery recycling. Specifically, four black mass samples from different battery recycling plants are experimentally investigated. Microscope images, particle size distribution, water content and organic carbonates are analyzed. Dust explosion experiments are performed in a 20-L vessel. Parameters including dust concentration, ignition energy, ignition delay, dust injection pressure are varied. Results show that a 10 kJ ignition energy cannot generate high explosion overpressure, whereas an ignition energy of 20 kJ yields an explosion over-pressure above 6 bar for black mass sample C at a concentration of 300 g/m3. The obtained experimental results are compared with published data on various explosion-related characteristics of other dusts relevant to battery recycling, in particular, aluminum and graphite dusts.
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  Data: electronic
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105526
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: recycling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: water content
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lithium-Ion battery
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: organic solvent
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: process safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: particle size distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dust explosion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: black mass
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental investigation of dust explosions with a focus on black mass in battery recycling
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            NameFull: Huang, Chen
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            NameFull: Smajovic, Nijaz
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            NameFull: Andersson, Leena
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            NameFull: Ismail, Abdelrahman
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              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 94
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: SafeDust ReLIB: En förstudie om säkerhet kring dammexplosioner vid återvinning av Lithiumbatterier Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries
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