View in EDS

K2-399 b is not a planet: The Saturn that wandered through the Neptune desert is actually a hierarchical eclipsing binary

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: K2-399 b is not a planet: The Saturn that wandered through the Neptune desert is actually a hierarchical eclipsing binary
Authors: Lillo-Box, J., Latham, D. W., Collins, Karen A., Armstrong, D. J., Gandolfi, D., Jensen, Eric L.N., Castro-González, A., Balsalobre-Ruza, O., Montesinos, B., Sousa, S.G., Aceituno, J., Schwarz, R., Narita, Norio, Fukui, A., Cabrera, J., Hadjigeorghiou, A., Kuzuhara, M., Hirano, T., Fridlund, Malcolm, 1952, Hatzes, A., Barragán, O., Batalha, Natalie
Source: Astronomy and Astrophysics. 689
Subject Terms: Techniques: radial velocities, Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters, Techniques: photometric, Planets and satellites: detection, Planets and satellites: individual: K2-399
Description: Context. The transit technique has been very efficient over the past decades in detecting planet-candidate signals. The so-called statistical validation approach has become a popular way of verifying a candidate's planetary nature. However, the incomplete consideration of false-positive scenarios and data quality can lead to misinterpretation of the results. Aims. In this work, we revise the planetary status of K2-399 b, a validated planet with an estimated false-positive probability of 0.078% located in the middle of the so-called Neptunian desert, and hence a potential key target for atmospheric prospects. Methods. We used radial velocity data from the CARMENES, HARPS, and TRES spectrographs, as well as ground-based multiband transit photometry provided by LCOGT MuSCAT3 and broad band photometry to test the planetary scenario. Results. Our analysis of the available data does not support the existence of this (otherwise key) planet, and instead points to a scenario composed of an early G-dwarf orbited - with a period of a 846.62a-0.28+0.22 days- by a pair of eclipsing M-dwarfs (hence a hierarchical eclipsing binary) likely in the mid-type domain. We thus demote K2-399 b as a planet. Conclusions. We conclude that the validation process, while very useful to prioritize follow-up efforts, must always be conducted with careful attention to data quality while ensuring that all possible scenarios have been properly tested to get reliable results. We also encourage developers of validation algorithms to ensure the accuracy of a priori probabilities for different stellar scenarios that can lead to this kind of false validation. We further encourage the use of follow-up observations when possible (such as radial velocity and/or multiband light curves) to confirm the planetary nature of detected transiting signals rather than only relying on validation tools.
File Description: electronic
Access URL: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044/file/543044_Fulltext.pdf
Database: SwePub
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044#
    Name: EDS - SwePub (s4221598)
    Category: fullText
    Text: View record in SwePub
  – Url: https://resolver.ebscohost.com/openurl?sid=EBSCO:edsswe&genre=article&issn=00046361&ISBN=&volume=689&issue=&date=20240101&spage=&pages=&title=Astronomy and Astrophysics&atitle=K2-399%20b%20is%20not%20a%20planet%3A%20The%20Saturn%20that%20wandered%20through%20the%20Neptune%20desert%20is%20actually%20a%20hierarchical%20eclipsing%20binary&aulast=Lillo-Box%2C%20J.&id=DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/202451398
    Name: Full Text Finder
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    Icon: https://imageserver.ebscohost.com/branding/images/FTF.gif
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
  – Url: https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=EBSCO&SrcAuth=EBSCO&DestApp=WOS&ServiceName=TransferToWoS&DestLinkType=GeneralSearchSummary&Func=Links&author=Lillo-Box%20J
    Name: ISI
    Category: fullText
    Text: Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science
    Icon: https://imagesrvr.epnet.com/ls/20docs.gif
    MouseOverText: Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science
Header DbId: edsswe
DbLabel: SwePub
An: edsswe.oai.research.chalmers.se.4d1e90af.9fd5.46a5.9910.c3a825ab7245
RelevancyScore: 1014
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 1014.41540527344
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: K2-399 b is not a planet: The Saturn that wandered through the Neptune desert is actually a hierarchical eclipsing binary
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lillo-Box%2C+J%2E%22">Lillo-Box, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Latham%2C+D%2E+W%2E%22">Latham, D. W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Collins%2C+Karen+A%2E%22">Collins, Karen A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Armstrong%2C+D%2E+J%2E%22">Armstrong, D. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gandolfi%2C+D%2E%22">Gandolfi, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jensen%2C+Eric+L%2EN%2E%22">Jensen, Eric L.N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castro-González%2C+A%2E%22">Castro-González, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balsalobre-Ruza%2C+O%2E%22">Balsalobre-Ruza, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Montesinos%2C+B%2E%22">Montesinos, B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sousa%2C+S%2EG%2E%22">Sousa, S.G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aceituno%2C+J%2E%22">Aceituno, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schwarz%2C+R%2E%22">Schwarz, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Narita%2C+Norio%22">Narita, Norio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fukui%2C+A%2E%22">Fukui, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cabrera%2C+J%2E%22">Cabrera, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hadjigeorghiou%2C+A%2E%22">Hadjigeorghiou, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuzuhara%2C+M%2E%22">Kuzuhara, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hirano%2C+T%2E%22">Hirano, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fridlund%2C+Malcolm%22">Fridlund, Malcolm</searchLink>, 1952<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hatzes%2C+A%2E%22">Hatzes, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barragán%2C+O%2E%22">Barragán, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Batalha%2C+Natalie%22">Batalha, Natalie</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 689
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Techniques%3A+radial+velocities%22">Techniques: radial velocities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planets+and+satellites%3A+fundamental+parameters%22">Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Techniques%3A+photometric%22">Techniques: photometric</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planets+and+satellites%3A+detection%22">Planets and satellites: detection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planets+and+satellites%3A+individual%3A+K2-399%22">Planets and satellites: individual: K2-399</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: Context. The transit technique has been very efficient over the past decades in detecting planet-candidate signals. The so-called statistical validation approach has become a popular way of verifying a candidate's planetary nature. However, the incomplete consideration of false-positive scenarios and data quality can lead to misinterpretation of the results. Aims. In this work, we revise the planetary status of K2-399 b, a validated planet with an estimated false-positive probability of 0.078% located in the middle of the so-called Neptunian desert, and hence a potential key target for atmospheric prospects. Methods. We used radial velocity data from the CARMENES, HARPS, and TRES spectrographs, as well as ground-based multiband transit photometry provided by LCOGT MuSCAT3 and broad band photometry to test the planetary scenario. Results. Our analysis of the available data does not support the existence of this (otherwise key) planet, and instead points to a scenario composed of an early G-dwarf orbited - with a period of a 846.62a-0.28+0.22 days- by a pair of eclipsing M-dwarfs (hence a hierarchical eclipsing binary) likely in the mid-type domain. We thus demote K2-399 b as a planet. Conclusions. We conclude that the validation process, while very useful to prioritize follow-up efforts, must always be conducted with careful attention to data quality while ensuring that all possible scenarios have been properly tested to get reliable results. We also encourage developers of validation algorithms to ensure the accuracy of a priori probabilities for different stellar scenarios that can lead to this kind of false validation. We further encourage the use of follow-up observations when possible (such as radial velocity and/or multiband light curves) to confirm the planetary nature of detected transiting signals rather than only relying on validation tools.
– Name: Format
  Label: File Description
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: electronic
– Name: URL
  Label: Access URL
  Group: URL
  Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044" linkWindow="_blank">https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044</link><br /><link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044/file/543044_Fulltext.pdf" linkWindow="_blank">https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543044/file/543044_Fulltext.pdf</link>
PLink https://erproxy.cvtisr.sk/sfx/access?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsswe&AN=edsswe.oai.research.chalmers.se.4d1e90af.9fd5.46a5.9910.c3a825ab7245
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451398
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Techniques: radial velocities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Techniques: photometric
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planets and satellites: detection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planets and satellites: individual: K2-399
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: K2-399 b is not a planet: The Saturn that wandered through the Neptune desert is actually a hierarchical eclipsing binary
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lillo-Box, J.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Latham, D. W.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Collins, Karen A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Armstrong, D. J.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gandolfi, D.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Jensen, Eric L.N.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Castro-González, A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Balsalobre-Ruza, O.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Montesinos, B.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sousa, S.G.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Aceituno, J.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Schwarz, R.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Narita, Norio
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Fukui, A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cabrera, J.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hadjigeorghiou, A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kuzuhara, M.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hirano, T.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Fridlund, Malcolm
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hatzes, A.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Barragán, O.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Batalha, Natalie
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00046361
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 14320746
            – Type: issn-locals
              Value: SWEPUB_FREE
            – Type: issn-locals
              Value: CTH_SWEPUB
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 689
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Astronomy and Astrophysics
              Type: main
ResultId 1