Estimating the Impact of Sustained Social Participation on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

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Title: Estimating the Impact of Sustained Social Participation on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
Authors: Shiba, Koichiro, Torres, Jacqueline M., Daoud, Adel, 1981, Inoue, Kosuke, Kanamori, Satoru, Tsuji, Taishi, Kamada, Masamitsu, Kondo, Katsunori, Kawachi, Ichiro
Source: Epidemiology. 32:886-895
Subject Terms: Depressive symptoms, Social participation, Japan, Time-dependent confounding, Time-varying exposure, Older adults, Machine learning, Targeted maximum likelihood estimation
Description: Background: Social participation has been suggested as a means to prevent depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether a one-time boost suffices or whether participation needs to be sustained over time for long-term prevention. We estimated the impacts of alternative hypothetical interventions in social participation on subsequent depressive symptoms among older adults. Methods: Data were from a nationwide prospective cohort study of Japanese older adults ≥65 years of age (n = 32,748). We analyzed social participation (1) as a baseline exposure from 2010 (approximating a one-time boost intervention) and (2) as a time-varying exposure from 2010 and 2013 (approximating a sustained intervention). We defined binary depressive symptoms in 2016 using the Geriatric Depression Scale. We used the doubly robust targeted maximum likelihood estimation to address time-dependent confounding. Results: The magnitude of the association between sustained participation and the lower prevalence of depressive symptoms was larger than the association observed for baseline participation only (e.g., prevalence ratio [PR] for participation in any activity = 0.83 [95% confidence interval = 0.79, 0.88] vs. 0.90 [0.87, 0.94]). For activities with a lower proportion of consistent participation over time (e.g., senior clubs), there was little evidence of an association between baseline participation and subsequent depressive symptoms, while an association for sustained participation was evident (e.g., PR for senior clubs = 0.96 [0.90, 1.02] vs. 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]). Participation at baseline but withholding participation in 2013 was not associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Sustained social participation may be more strongly associated with fewer depressive symptoms among older adults.
Access URL: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/549125
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  Data: Estimating the Impact of Sustained Social Participation on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shiba%2C+Koichiro%22">Shiba, Koichiro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torres%2C+Jacqueline+M%2E%22">Torres, Jacqueline M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Daoud%2C+Adel%22">Daoud, Adel</searchLink>, 1981<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Inoue%2C+Kosuke%22">Inoue, Kosuke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kanamori%2C+Satoru%22">Kanamori, Satoru</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tsuji%2C+Taishi%22">Tsuji, Taishi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kamada%2C+Masamitsu%22">Kamada, Masamitsu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kondo%2C+Katsunori%22">Kondo, Katsunori</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kawachi%2C+Ichiro%22">Kawachi, Ichiro</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Epidemiology</i>. 32:886-895
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depressive+symptoms%22">Depressive symptoms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+participation%22">Social participation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Japan%22">Japan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time-dependent+confounding%22">Time-dependent confounding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time-varying+exposure%22">Time-varying exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Older+adults%22">Older adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Targeted+maximum+likelihood+estimation%22">Targeted maximum likelihood estimation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Social participation has been suggested as a means to prevent depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether a one-time boost suffices or whether participation needs to be sustained over time for long-term prevention. We estimated the impacts of alternative hypothetical interventions in social participation on subsequent depressive symptoms among older adults. Methods: Data were from a nationwide prospective cohort study of Japanese older adults ≥65 years of age (n = 32,748). We analyzed social participation (1) as a baseline exposure from 2010 (approximating a one-time boost intervention) and (2) as a time-varying exposure from 2010 and 2013 (approximating a sustained intervention). We defined binary depressive symptoms in 2016 using the Geriatric Depression Scale. We used the doubly robust targeted maximum likelihood estimation to address time-dependent confounding. Results: The magnitude of the association between sustained participation and the lower prevalence of depressive symptoms was larger than the association observed for baseline participation only (e.g., prevalence ratio [PR] for participation in any activity = 0.83 [95% confidence interval = 0.79, 0.88] vs. 0.90 [0.87, 0.94]). For activities with a lower proportion of consistent participation over time (e.g., senior clubs), there was little evidence of an association between baseline participation and subsequent depressive symptoms, while an association for sustained participation was evident (e.g., PR for senior clubs = 0.96 [0.90, 1.02] vs. 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]). Participation at baseline but withholding participation in 2013 was not associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Sustained social participation may be more strongly associated with fewer depressive symptoms among older adults.
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        Value: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001395
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 886
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Depressive symptoms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social participation
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      – SubjectFull: Japan
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      – SubjectFull: Time-dependent confounding
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      – SubjectFull: Time-varying exposure
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      – SubjectFull: Older adults
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      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
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      – SubjectFull: Targeted maximum likelihood estimation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Estimating the Impact of Sustained Social Participation on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
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            NameFull: Shiba, Koichiro
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            NameFull: Torres, Jacqueline M.
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            NameFull: Inoue, Kosuke
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              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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