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Does tattoo exposure increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma? A population-based case-control study

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Title: Does tattoo exposure increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma? A population-based case-control study
Authors: Rietz Liljedahl, Emelie, Nielsen, Kari, Engfeldt, Malin, Saxne Jöud, Anna, Nielsen, Christel
Contributors: Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Epidemiology, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Epidemiologi, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Other operations, LTH, Metalund, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Annan verksamhet, LTH, Metalund, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Genetic Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Genetisk arbets- och miljömedicin, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Applied Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Medicine, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Tillämpad masspektrometri inom miljömedicin, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section III, Dermatology and Venereology (Lund), Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund, Sektion III, Dermatologi och venereologi, Lund, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section III, Dermatology and Venereology (Lund), LUSCaR- Lund University Skin Cancer Research group, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund, Sektion III, Dermatologi och venereologi, Lund, Hudcancerforskning vid Lunds universitet, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Other Strong Research Environments, LUCC: Lund University Cancer Centre, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Övriga starka forskningsmiljöer, LUCC: Lunds universitets cancercentrum, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section II, Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund, Sektion II, Kliniska Vetenskaper, Helsingborg, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section V, Surgery (Lund), Lund Melanoma Study Group, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund, Sektion V, Kirurgi, Lund, Lunds Melanomstudiegrupp, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section III, Orthopaedics (Lund), Applied epidemiology, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund, Sektion III, Ortopedi, Lund, Tillämpad epidemiologi, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health, Originator
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology.
Subject Terms: Medical and Health Sciences, Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Hälsovetenskap, Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin, Basic Medicine, Epidemiology, Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper, Epidemiologi, Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa och socialmedicin
Description: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has risen sharply over the past 30 years, coinciding with the rapidly growing tattoo trend. In Sweden, 20% of the population is tattooed. Repeated reports of the presence of carcinogenic chemicals, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and heavy metals in tattoo ink justifies the investigation of CM risk in relation to tattooing. We aimed to investigate the potential association between tattoo exposure and CM. We identified 2880 individuals who were diagnosed with CM at age 20-60 years, in the Swedish National Cancer Register. For each case, we sampled three random age- and sex-matched controls from the Swedish Total Population Register. Exposure data and data on potential confounders were collected through a questionnaire in 2021. We estimated the relative risk of CM in tattooed compared with nontattooed individuals using multivariable logistic regression, rendering incidence rate ratios (IRR). Of the participants, 22% of the cases (354/1598) had a tattoobefore the index date, vs. 20% of the controls (815/4097). We observed an adjusted relative risk of CM in tattooed compared to nontattooed individuals of 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.56). The results suggested that tattoos may be a risk factor for CM, but further studies are needed to establish causality.
Access URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01326-6
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  Data: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has risen sharply over the past 30 years, coinciding with the rapidly growing tattoo trend. In Sweden, 20% of the population is tattooed. Repeated reports of the presence of carcinogenic chemicals, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and heavy metals in tattoo ink justifies the investigation of CM risk in relation to tattooing. We aimed to investigate the potential association between tattoo exposure and CM. We identified 2880 individuals who were diagnosed with CM at age 20-60 years, in the Swedish National Cancer Register. For each case, we sampled three random age- and sex-matched controls from the Swedish Total Population Register. Exposure data and data on potential confounders were collected through a questionnaire in 2021. We estimated the relative risk of CM in tattooed compared with nontattooed individuals using multivariable logistic regression, rendering incidence rate ratios (IRR). Of the participants, 22% of the cases (354/1598) had a tattoobefore the index date, vs. 20% of the controls (815/4097). We observed an adjusted relative risk of CM in tattooed compared to nontattooed individuals of 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.56). The results suggested that tattoos may be a risk factor for CM, but further studies are needed to establish causality.
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