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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure in hexavalent chromium exposed workers and the effects of exposure mixtures on oxidative stress and genomic instability

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Title: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure in hexavalent chromium exposed workers and the effects of exposure mixtures on oxidative stress and genomic instability
Authors: Jiang, Zheshun, Liu, Yishan, Lindh, Christian, Pineda, Daniela, Carøe, Tanja K, Catalán, Julia, Ebbehøj, Niels E, Givelet, Lucas, Huusom, Anja J, Kines, Pete, Krais, Annette M, Aimonen, Kukka, Lundh, Thomas, Loeschner, Katrin, Rastkhani, Hamideh, Tondel, Martin, Saber, Anne T, Vogel, Ulla, Broberg, Karin, SafeChrom project team and SAM-Krom project team
Contributors: Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Genetic Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Genetisk arbets- och miljömedicin, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Malmö, Allmänmedicin och klinisk epidemiologi, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Other Strong Research Environments, LUCC: Lund University Cancer Centre, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Övriga starka forskningsmiljöer, LUCC: Lunds universitets cancercentrum, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Applied Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Medicine, Lunds universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin, Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin, Tillämpad masspektrometri inom miljömedicin, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Other operations, LTH, Metalund, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Annan verksamhet, LTH, Metalund, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kemiska institutionen, Centrum för analys och syntes, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Other operations, LTH, Centre for Healthy Indoor Environments, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Annan verksamhet, LTH, Centrum för hälsosamma inomhusmiljöer, CHIE, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, LTH Profile areas, LTH Profile Area: Aerosols, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH profilområden, LTH profilområde: Aerosoler, Originator
Source: Environmental Pollution.
Subject Terms: Medical and Health Sciences, Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Hälsovetenskap, Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin
Description: Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can induce oxidative stress, genomic instability, and epigenetic modifications. In occupational settings, Cr(VI)-exposed workers may also be exposed to other toxicants, such as elements besides Cr, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, research on the extent of these co-exposures and their combined effects remains limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the exposure levels of ten elements and eight PFAS in Cr(VI)-exposed workers and to assess the combined effects of these exposure mixtures on biomarkers of oxidative stress and genomic instability. This study included 138 Cr(VI)-exposed workers and 96 controls from Swedish SafeChrom and Danish SAM-Krom studies. Concentrations of elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and PFAS were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Effect biomarkers, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn), telomere length (TL) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMT) methylation, were analyzed in blood. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression and quantile-based g-computation models were used to evaluate the mixture effects. Exposed workers had higher concentrations of Cr, manganese, copper, zinc, lead, and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), lower mtDNA-cn and longer TL compared to controls. In the SAM-Krom study, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels were significantly elevated among exposed workers, with the P95 reaching 2044 ng/mL. The exposure mixtures were associated with increased 8-OHdG and MGMT hypermethylation. Together, these findings highlight the complexity of multiple occupational exposures in Cr(VI)-related work environments and suggest that combined exposure may contribute to early biological alterations related to oxidative stress and DNA methylation.
Access URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127255
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  Data: Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can induce oxidative stress, genomic instability, and epigenetic modifications. In occupational settings, Cr(VI)-exposed workers may also be exposed to other toxicants, such as elements besides Cr, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, research on the extent of these co-exposures and their combined effects remains limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the exposure levels of ten elements and eight PFAS in Cr(VI)-exposed workers and to assess the combined effects of these exposure mixtures on biomarkers of oxidative stress and genomic instability. This study included 138 Cr(VI)-exposed workers and 96 controls from Swedish SafeChrom and Danish SAM-Krom studies. Concentrations of elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and PFAS were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Effect biomarkers, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn), telomere length (TL) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMT) methylation, were analyzed in blood. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression and quantile-based g-computation models were used to evaluate the mixture effects. Exposed workers had higher concentrations of Cr, manganese, copper, zinc, lead, and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), lower mtDNA-cn and longer TL compared to controls. In the SAM-Krom study, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels were significantly elevated among exposed workers, with the P95 reaching 2044 ng/mL. The exposure mixtures were associated with increased 8-OHdG and MGMT hypermethylation. Together, these findings highlight the complexity of multiple occupational exposures in Cr(VI)-related work environments and suggest that combined exposure may contribute to early biological alterations related to oxidative stress and DNA methylation.
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