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Impact of SO2 injection profiles on simulated volcanic forcing for the 2009 Sarychev eruptions – investigating the importance of using high-vertical-resolution methods when compiling SO2 data

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Názov: Impact of SO2 injection profiles on simulated volcanic forcing for the 2009 Sarychev eruptions – investigating the importance of using high-vertical-resolution methods when compiling SO2 data
Autori: Axebrink, Emma, Sporre, Moa, Friberg, Johan
Prispievatelia: Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Lund University Profile areas, LU Profile Area: Light and Materials, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Lunds universitets profilområden, LU profilområde: Ljus och material, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Combustion Physics, Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysiska institutionen, Förbränningsfysik, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, LTH Profile areas, LTH Profile Area: Aerosols, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH profilområden, LTH profilområde: Aerosoler, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Lund University Profile areas, LU Profile Area: Nature-based future solutions, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Lunds universitets profilområden, LU profilområde: Naturbaserade framtidslösningar, Originator
Zdroj: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 25(4):2047-2058
Predmety: Natural Sciences, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Naturvetenskap, Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap, Meteorologi och atmosfärsvetenskap, Climate Science, Klimatvetenskap
Popis: Aerosols from volcanic eruptions impact our climate by influencing the Earth's radiative balance. The degree of their climate impact is determined by the location and injection altitude of the volcanic SO2. To investigate the importance of utilizing correct injection altitudes, we ran climate simulations of the June 2009 Sarychev eruptions with three SO2 datasets in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6). We have compared simulations with WACCM6 default 1 km vertically resolved dataset M16 with our two 200 m vertically resolved datasets, S21-3D and S21-1D. S21-3D is distributed over a large area (30 latitudes and 120 longitudes), whereas S21-1D releases all SO2 in one latitude and longitude grid box, mimicking the default dataset M16. For S21-1D and S21-3D, 95 % of the SO2 was injected into the stratosphere, whereas M16 injected only 75 % into the stratosphere. This difference is due to the different vertical distributions and resolutions of SO2 in the datasets. The larger portion of SO2 injected into the stratosphere for the S21 datasets leads to more than twice as high sulfate aerosol load in the stratosphere for the S21-3D simulation compared to the M16 simulation during more than 8 months. The temporal evolution in aerosol optical depth (AOD) from our two simulations, S21-3D and S21-1D, follows the observations from the spaceborne lidar instrument CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) closely, while the AOD in the M16 simulation is substantially lower. This indicates that the injection altitude and vertical resolution of the injected volcanic SO2 substantially impact the model's ability to correctly simulate the climate impact from volcanic eruptions. The S21-3D dataset with its high vertical and horizontal resolution resulted in global volcanic forcing of -0.24 Wm-2 during the first year after the eruptions, compared with only -0.11 Wm-2 for M16. Hence, our study highlights the importance of the vertical distributionof SO2 injections in simulations of volcanic climate impact and calls for a re-evaluation of further volcanic eruptions.
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  Data: Impact of SO2 injection profiles on simulated volcanic forcing for the 2009 Sarychev eruptions – investigating the importance of using high-vertical-resolution methods when compiling SO2 data
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  Data: Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Lund University Profile areas, LU Profile Area: Light and Materials, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Lunds universitets profilområden, LU profilområde: Ljus och material, Originator<br />Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Combustion Physics, Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysiska institutionen, Förbränningsfysik, Originator<br />Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, LTH Profile areas, LTH Profile Area: Aerosols, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH profilområden, LTH profilområde: Aerosoler, Originator<br />Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system, Originator<br />Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Lund University Profile areas, LU Profile Area: Nature-based future solutions, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Lunds universitets profilområden, LU profilområde: Naturbaserade framtidslösningar, Originator
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  Data: Aerosols from volcanic eruptions impact our climate by influencing the Earth's radiative balance. The degree of their climate impact is determined by the location and injection altitude of the volcanic SO2. To investigate the importance of utilizing correct injection altitudes, we ran climate simulations of the June 2009 Sarychev eruptions with three SO2 datasets in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6). We have compared simulations with WACCM6 default 1 km vertically resolved dataset M16 with our two 200 m vertically resolved datasets, S21-3D and S21-1D. S21-3D is distributed over a large area (30 latitudes and 120 longitudes), whereas S21-1D releases all SO2 in one latitude and longitude grid box, mimicking the default dataset M16. For S21-1D and S21-3D, 95 % of the SO2 was injected into the stratosphere, whereas M16 injected only 75 % into the stratosphere. This difference is due to the different vertical distributions and resolutions of SO2 in the datasets. The larger portion of SO2 injected into the stratosphere for the S21 datasets leads to more than twice as high sulfate aerosol load in the stratosphere for the S21-3D simulation compared to the M16 simulation during more than 8 months. The temporal evolution in aerosol optical depth (AOD) from our two simulations, S21-3D and S21-1D, follows the observations from the spaceborne lidar instrument CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) closely, while the AOD in the M16 simulation is substantially lower. This indicates that the injection altitude and vertical resolution of the injected volcanic SO2 substantially impact the model's ability to correctly simulate the climate impact from volcanic eruptions. The S21-3D dataset with its high vertical and horizontal resolution resulted in global volcanic forcing of -0.24 Wm-2 during the first year after the eruptions, compared with only -0.11 Wm-2 for M16. Hence, our study highlights the importance of the vertical distributionof SO2 injections in simulations of volcanic climate impact and calls for a re-evaluation of further volcanic eruptions.
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