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A Wideband Distributed Massive MIMO Channel Sounder for Communication and Sensing

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Titel: A Wideband Distributed Massive MIMO Channel Sounder for Communication and Sensing
Autoren: Sandra, Michiel, Nelson, Christian, Li, Xuhong, Cai, Xuesong, Tufvesson, Fredrik, Johansson, Anders J.
Weitere Verfasser: Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, LTH Profile areas, LTH Profile Area: AI and Digitalization, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH profilområden, LTH profilområde: AI och digitalisering, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication, Originator, Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Lund University Profile areas, LU Profile Area: Natural and Artificial Cognition, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Lunds universitets profilområden, LU profilområde: Naturlig och artificiell kognition, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Departments at LTH, Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Institutioner vid LTH, Institutionen för elektro- och informationsteknik, Originator, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Other operations, LTH, X-Lab, Lunds universitet, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Annan verksamhet, LTH, X-Lab, Originator
Quelle: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 73(4):2074-2085
Schlagwörter: Engineering and Technology, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering, Signal Processing, Teknik, Elektroteknik och elektronik, Signalbehandling
Beschreibung: Channel sounding is a vital step in the design and deployment of wireless communication systems. In this article, we present the design and implementation of a coherent distributed massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder operating at 5 and 6GHz with a bandwidth of 400MHz based on the NI USRP X410. Through the integration of multiple transceiver chains and radio frequency (RF) switches, the design facilitates the use of a larger number of antennas without significant compromise in dynamic capability. Our current implementation is capable of measuring thousands of antenna combinations in tens of milliseconds. Every radio frequency switch is seamlessly integrated with a 16-element antenna array, allowing phase-coherent multinode dual-polarized double-directional dynamic channel measurements for multistatic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications. In addition, the channel sounder features real-time processing to reduce the data stream to the host computer and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The correct operation of the sounder is demonstrated through two measurements in an indoor laboratory environment. The first measurement entails a single-antenna robot as a transmitter and 128 distributed receiving antennas. The second measurement demonstrates a passive sensing scenario with a walking person. We evaluate the results of both measurements using the super-resolution algorithm space-alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE). The results demonstrate the great potential of the presented sounding system for providing high-quality radio channel measurements, contributing to high-resolution channel estimation, characterization, and active and passive sensing in realistic and dynamic scenarios.
Zugangs-URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3537292
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  Data: Channel sounding is a vital step in the design and deployment of wireless communication systems. In this article, we present the design and implementation of a coherent distributed massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder operating at 5 and 6GHz with a bandwidth of 400MHz based on the NI USRP X410. Through the integration of multiple transceiver chains and radio frequency (RF) switches, the design facilitates the use of a larger number of antennas without significant compromise in dynamic capability. Our current implementation is capable of measuring thousands of antenna combinations in tens of milliseconds. Every radio frequency switch is seamlessly integrated with a 16-element antenna array, allowing phase-coherent multinode dual-polarized double-directional dynamic channel measurements for multistatic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications. In addition, the channel sounder features real-time processing to reduce the data stream to the host computer and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The correct operation of the sounder is demonstrated through two measurements in an indoor laboratory environment. The first measurement entails a single-antenna robot as a transmitter and 128 distributed receiving antennas. The second measurement demonstrates a passive sensing scenario with a walking person. We evaluate the results of both measurements using the super-resolution algorithm space-alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE). The results demonstrate the great potential of the presented sounding system for providing high-quality radio channel measurements, contributing to high-resolution channel estimation, characterization, and active and passive sensing in realistic and dynamic scenarios.
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