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Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains: implications for interaction design

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Title: Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains: implications for interaction design
Authors: Lundberg, Jonas, 1974, Nylin, Magnus, 1978, Praetorius, Gesa, Jansson, Anders A., Bång, Magnus, 1967
Source: Cognition, Technology & Work. 26:281-299
Subject Terms: Interaction design, Temporal modelling, Traffic management, Cognitive systems engineering, Human–AI/ automation teaming
Description: Traffic management in aviation, shipping, and rail transport shows similarities and dissimilarities in the work process. For example, they share the temporal aspect, but different levels of urgency in the control work set different requirements on monitoring, decisions, and actions. However, few studies have been presented that model and compare the different domains in terms of temporal decision-making. The Joint Control Framework (JCF) is an approach to analyse and temporally model operators’ control processes from a cognitive systems engineering perspective. In this study, we have used JCF to map, and compare, cognitive joints, such as perceptions, decisions, and actions, in temporally challenging control situations in air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic service, and train traffic management. Data was collected collaboratively with traffic operators, focusing on (1) identifying challenging traffic situations and (2) jointly modelling the temporal decision-making patterns of these situations using simplified JCF. Post-analysis was done by breaking down the results into different processes and comparing domains to ascertain how operators maintain control. An intermediate level of activity—between general monitoring and work with specific vehicles—was identified: processes-in-focus. A shared problem arises in the shift between general monitoring and the processes-in-focus. All processes-in-focus comprise cognitive joint cycles of perceptions, decisions, and actions. However, depending on the framing of processes-in-focus, the patterns of joints, such as temporal extension and complexity, differ. In the remainder of the article, implications for the interaction design, in particular the potential for human–AI/automation teaming with higher levels of automation and cognitive autonomy, are discussed.
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Access URL: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-201766
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-024-00754-w
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains: implications for interaction design
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lundberg%2C+Jonas%22">Lundberg, Jonas</searchLink>, 1974<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nylin%2C+Magnus%22">Nylin, Magnus</searchLink>, 1978<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Praetorius%2C+Gesa%22">Praetorius, Gesa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jansson%2C+Anders+A%2E%22">Jansson, Anders A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bång%2C+Magnus%22">Bång, Magnus</searchLink>, 1967
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  Data: <i>Cognition, Technology & Work</i>. 26:281-299
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interaction+design%22">Interaction design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temporal+modelling%22">Temporal modelling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Traffic+management%22">Traffic management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+systems+engineering%22">Cognitive systems engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human–AI%2F+automation+teaming%22">Human–AI/ automation teaming</searchLink>
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  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: Traffic management in aviation, shipping, and rail transport shows similarities and dissimilarities in the work process. For example, they share the temporal aspect, but different levels of urgency in the control work set different requirements on monitoring, decisions, and actions. However, few studies have been presented that model and compare the different domains in terms of temporal decision-making. The Joint Control Framework (JCF) is an approach to analyse and temporally model operators’ control processes from a cognitive systems engineering perspective. In this study, we have used JCF to map, and compare, cognitive joints, such as perceptions, decisions, and actions, in temporally challenging control situations in air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic service, and train traffic management. Data was collected collaboratively with traffic operators, focusing on (1) identifying challenging traffic situations and (2) jointly modelling the temporal decision-making patterns of these situations using simplified JCF. Post-analysis was done by breaking down the results into different processes and comparing domains to ascertain how operators maintain control. An intermediate level of activity—between general monitoring and work with specific vehicles—was identified: processes-in-focus. A shared problem arises in the shift between general monitoring and the processes-in-focus. All processes-in-focus comprise cognitive joint cycles of perceptions, decisions, and actions. However, depending on the framing of processes-in-focus, the patterns of joints, such as temporal extension and complexity, differ. In the remainder of the article, implications for the interaction design, in particular the potential for human–AI/automation teaming with higher levels of automation and cognitive autonomy, are discussed.
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        Value: 10.1007/s10111-024-00754-w
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      – SubjectFull: Traffic management
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive systems engineering
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      – TitleFull: Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains: implications for interaction design
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            NameFull: Lundberg, Jonas
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              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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