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Early Detection of Monilinia laxa in Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) Using Electronic Nose Technology: A Non-Destructive Diagnostic Approach

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Název: Early Detection of Monilinia laxa in Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) Using Electronic Nose Technology: A Non-Destructive Diagnostic Approach
Autoři: Ana Martínez, Alejandro Hernández, Patricia Arroyo, Jesús Lozano, Alberto Martín, María de Guía Córdoba
Zdroj: Chemosensors, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 391 (2025)
Informace o vydavateli: MDPI AG, 2025.
Rok vydání: 2025
Sbírka: LCC:Biochemistry
Témata: E-nose, volatile profile, early decay, nectarine, Monilinia laxa, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Popis: This study evaluates the application of an electronic nose (E-nose) system as a non-destructive tool for the early detection of Monilinia laxa infection in yellow nectarines (Prunus persica var. nectarine, cv. “Kinolea”) through the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two experimental groups were established: a control group of healthy fruit and a treatment group inoculated with the pathogen. The VOCs emitted by both groups were identified and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simultaneously, the responses of the E-nose were recorded at three critical stages of fungal development: early, intermediate, and advanced. The electronic nose used consists of a set of 11 commercial metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) sensors. The signals from these sensors showed a strong correlation with the VOC profiles associated with fungal deterioration. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models based on E-nose data successfully distinguished between healthy and infected samples with 97% accuracy. Furthermore, the system accurately classified samples into three stages of contamination—control, early infection, and advanced infection—with 96% classification accuracy. These findings demonstrate that E-nose technology is an effective, rapid, and non-invasive method for the real-time monitoring of post-harvest fungal contamination in nectarines, offering significant potential for improving quality control during storage and distribution.
Druh dokumentu: article
Popis souboru: electronic resource
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 2227-9040
Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/11/391; https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9040
DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors13110391
Přístupová URL adresa: https://doaj.org/article/7f8d4646e6604b8da2f5cc2d54386cec
Přístupové číslo: edsdoj.7f8d4646e6604b8da2f5cc2d54386cec
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
Popis
Abstrakt:This study evaluates the application of an electronic nose (E-nose) system as a non-destructive tool for the early detection of Monilinia laxa infection in yellow nectarines (Prunus persica var. nectarine, cv. “Kinolea”) through the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two experimental groups were established: a control group of healthy fruit and a treatment group inoculated with the pathogen. The VOCs emitted by both groups were identified and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simultaneously, the responses of the E-nose were recorded at three critical stages of fungal development: early, intermediate, and advanced. The electronic nose used consists of a set of 11 commercial metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) sensors. The signals from these sensors showed a strong correlation with the VOC profiles associated with fungal deterioration. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models based on E-nose data successfully distinguished between healthy and infected samples with 97% accuracy. Furthermore, the system accurately classified samples into three stages of contamination—control, early infection, and advanced infection—with 96% classification accuracy. These findings demonstrate that E-nose technology is an effective, rapid, and non-invasive method for the real-time monitoring of post-harvest fungal contamination in nectarines, offering significant potential for improving quality control during storage and distribution.
ISSN:22279040
DOI:10.3390/chemosensors13110391