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Genetic ancestry influences body shape and obesity risk in Latin American populations

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Title: Genetic ancestry influences body shape and obesity risk in Latin American populations
Authors: Magda Alexandra Trujillo-Jiménez, Luis Orlando Pérez, Carolina Paschetta, Virginia Ramallo, Anahí Ruderman, Mariana Useglio, Pablo Toledo-Margalef, Leonardo Morales, Cindy Freire-Gómez, Pablo Navarro, Soledad De Azevedo, Bruno Pazos, Tamara Teodoroff, Maria Cátira Bortolini, Víctor Acuña-Alonzo, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Giovanni Poletti, Carla Gallo, Francisco Rothhammer, Winston Rojas, Andrés Ruiz-Linares, Shanesia Gasaneo, Gustavo Gasaneo, Amanda Rowlands, Pablo Nepomnaschy, Claudio Delrieux, Rolando Gonzalez-José
Source: Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2025)
Publisher Information: Nature Portfolio, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Medicine
LCC:Science
Subject Terms: Genetic ancestry, Admixed populations, Anthropometric indices, 3D body-shape, Medicine, Science
Description: Abstract Obesity is not simply a matter of excess weight. It also involves changes in structure and proportion in body morphology that can vary between populations and within individuals as they develop and age. Anthropometric measurements and their derived indices are widely used to study obesity. However, they present limitations to capture variations of fat distribution in the human body within a given population, and among different populations. Particularly, currently a problem in epidemiology is that cut-off points and health risk classifications based on anthropometric measures such as BMI, WHR or WHtR may not be equally valid for all population groups, especially when there are differences in genetic ancestry. Using data from $$\sim 7,000$$ Latin American adults, we evaluated the accuracy of traditional indices across gradients of Native American, European, and African ancestry, and a comparison with three-dimensional (3D) body shape analysis, which offers a promising venue for capturing these complexities. We found that traditional indices systematically misclassified obesity-related risk in certain ancestry groups, with WHR and WHtR showing ancestry-specific biases. In contrast, 3D body shape promises to capture nuanced variations in fat distribution and reduced ancestry-related misclassification. By leveraging techniques based on advanced geometric morphometry and image and data processing, we can better characterize the interaction between genetic ancestry and body composition, ultimately improving the accuracy of obesity diagnosis and stratification in Latin American populations. These results highlight the need for ancestry-aware obesity diagnostics and demonstrate that integrating advanced 3D morphometric techniques can improve risk assessment and guide precision public health strategies in Latin America and beyond. We demonstrate that incorporating 3D body shape data alongside genetic ancestry data improves the accuracy of obesity risk stratification in Latin American populations. Our proposed methods could be adapted, expanded and applied to other populations.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2045-2322
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-21071-w
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/ae49d748dbda49dfb6a8b0e1523c514e
Accession Number: edsdoj.49d748dbda49dfb6a8b0e1523c514e
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Abstract Obesity is not simply a matter of excess weight. It also involves changes in structure and proportion in body morphology that can vary between populations and within individuals as they develop and age. Anthropometric measurements and their derived indices are widely used to study obesity. However, they present limitations to capture variations of fat distribution in the human body within a given population, and among different populations. Particularly, currently a problem in epidemiology is that cut-off points and health risk classifications based on anthropometric measures such as BMI, WHR or WHtR may not be equally valid for all population groups, especially when there are differences in genetic ancestry. Using data from $$\sim 7,000$$ Latin American adults, we evaluated the accuracy of traditional indices across gradients of Native American, European, and African ancestry, and a comparison with three-dimensional (3D) body shape analysis, which offers a promising venue for capturing these complexities. We found that traditional indices systematically misclassified obesity-related risk in certain ancestry groups, with WHR and WHtR showing ancestry-specific biases. In contrast, 3D body shape promises to capture nuanced variations in fat distribution and reduced ancestry-related misclassification. By leveraging techniques based on advanced geometric morphometry and image and data processing, we can better characterize the interaction between genetic ancestry and body composition, ultimately improving the accuracy of obesity diagnosis and stratification in Latin American populations. These results highlight the need for ancestry-aware obesity diagnostics and demonstrate that integrating advanced 3D morphometric techniques can improve risk assessment and guide precision public health strategies in Latin America and beyond. We demonstrate that incorporating 3D body shape data alongside genetic ancestry data improves the accuracy of obesity risk stratification in Latin American populations. Our proposed methods could be adapted, expanded and applied to other populations.
ISSN:20452322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-21071-w