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Innovative isotopic modeling and risk assessment of PTEs and PAHs in urban soils

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Title: Innovative isotopic modeling and risk assessment of PTEs and PAHs in urban soils
Authors: Pegah Parchami, Sima Sabzalipour, Ahad Nazarpour, Maryam Mohammadi Rozbahani, Navid Ghanavati
Source: Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-26 (2025)
Publisher Information: Nature Portfolio, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Medicine
LCC:Science
Subject Terms: PTEs, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Urban soil, Health risk assessment, Innovative isotopic modeling, Lead contamination, Medicine, Science
Description: Abstract This study investigates the health and environmental risks associated with Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of Sanandaj City, Iran, using an innovative isotopic modeling approach. A total of 53 surface soil samples were systematically collected, revealing elevated concentrations of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), and Lead (Pb), with Cd posing a significant ecological risk. Ecological risk assessments indicated low risk for most elements, except for Cd, which showed a notable environmental threat. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments, based on ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, revealed no significant risks for both children and adults, although children exhibited higher risks, particularly in ingestion. However, carcinogenic risk assessments demonstrated that metals like Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and As exceeded the acceptable risk thresholds for both populations, highlighting a severe health concern. PAH concentrations ranged from 126.44 to 2460.87 µg/kg, with a dominance of high molecular weight PAHs, suggesting significant pyrogenic sources. A novel isotopic modeling method, based on 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb ratios, effectively traced lead contamination sources, identifying industrial emissions and vehicular exhaust as the primary contributors. This study offers valuable insights into urban soil contamination and provides a robust framework for environmental management and policy-making to mitigate risks from PTEs and PAHs.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2045-2322
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-22183-z
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/a0e379356f53418a87ede3aabdba45d2
Accession Number: edsdoj.0e379356f53418a87ede3aabdba45d2
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Abstract This study investigates the health and environmental risks associated with Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of Sanandaj City, Iran, using an innovative isotopic modeling approach. A total of 53 surface soil samples were systematically collected, revealing elevated concentrations of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), and Lead (Pb), with Cd posing a significant ecological risk. Ecological risk assessments indicated low risk for most elements, except for Cd, which showed a notable environmental threat. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments, based on ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, revealed no significant risks for both children and adults, although children exhibited higher risks, particularly in ingestion. However, carcinogenic risk assessments demonstrated that metals like Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and As exceeded the acceptable risk thresholds for both populations, highlighting a severe health concern. PAH concentrations ranged from 126.44 to 2460.87 µg/kg, with a dominance of high molecular weight PAHs, suggesting significant pyrogenic sources. A novel isotopic modeling method, based on 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb ratios, effectively traced lead contamination sources, identifying industrial emissions and vehicular exhaust as the primary contributors. This study offers valuable insights into urban soil contamination and provides a robust framework for environmental management and policy-making to mitigate risks from PTEs and PAHs.
ISSN:20452322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-22183-z