Land Cover Classification Model Using Multispectral Satellite Images Based on a Deep Learning Synergistic Semantic Segmentation Network
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| Titel: | Land Cover Classification Model Using Multispectral Satellite Images Based on a Deep Learning Synergistic Semantic Segmentation Network |
|---|---|
| Autoren: | Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh, Vahid Hajihashemi, José J. M. Machado, João Manuel R. S. Tavares |
| Quelle: | Sensors ; Volume 25 ; Issue 7 ; Pages: 1988 |
| Verlagsinformationen: | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| Publikationsjahr: | 2025 |
| Bestand: | MDPI Open Access Publishing |
| Schlagwörter: | Deeplab v3+, ResNet-50, K-medoids clustering, satellite images, multispectral processing |
| Beschreibung: | Land cover classification (LCC) using satellite images is one of the rapidly expanding fields in mapping, highlighting the need for updating existing computational classification methods. Advances in technology and the increasing variety of applications have introduced challenges, such as more complex classes and a demand for greater detail. In recent years, deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly enhanced the segmentation of satellite images. Since the training of CNNs requires sophisticated and expensive hardware and significant time, using pre-trained networks has become widespread in the segmentation of satellite image. This study proposes a hybrid synergistic semantic segmentation method based on the Deeplab v3+ network and a clustering-based post-processing scheme. The proposed method accurately classifies various land cover (LC) types in multispectral satellite images, including Pastures, Other Built-Up Areas, Water Bodies, Urban Areas, Grasslands, Forest, Farmland, and Others. The post-processing scheme includes a spectral bag-of-words model and K-medoids clustering to refine the Deeplab v3+ outputs and correct possible errors. The simulation results indicate that combining the post-processing scheme with deep learning improves the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) by approximately 5.7% compared to the baseline method. Additionally, the proposed approach is robust to data imbalance cases and can dynamically update its codewords over different seasons. Finally, the proposed synergistic semantic segmentation method was compared with several state-of-the-art segmentation methods in satellite images of Italy’s Lake Garda (Lago di Garda) region. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the best existing techniques by at least 6% in terms of MCC. |
| Publikationsart: | text |
| Dateibeschreibung: | application/pdf |
| Sprache: | English |
| Relation: | Environmental Sensing; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s25071988 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/s25071988 |
| Verfügbarkeit: | https://doi.org/10.3390/s25071988 |
| Rights: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Dokumentencode: | edsbas.C0C6E54A |
| Datenbank: | BASE |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Land Cover Classification Model Using Multispectral Satellite Images Based on a Deep Learning Synergistic Semantic Segmentation Network – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdorreza+Alavi+Gharahbagh%22">Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vahid+Hajihashemi%22">Vahid Hajihashemi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22José+J%2E+M%2E+Machado%22">José J. M. Machado</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22João+Manuel+R%2E+S%2E+Tavares%22">João Manuel R. S. Tavares</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Sensors ; Volume 25 ; Issue 7 ; Pages: 1988 – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2025 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: MDPI Open Access Publishing – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deeplab+v3%2B%22">Deeplab v3+</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ResNet-50%22">ResNet-50</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22K-medoids+clustering%22">K-medoids clustering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22satellite+images%22">satellite images</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22multispectral+processing%22">multispectral processing</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Land cover classification (LCC) using satellite images is one of the rapidly expanding fields in mapping, highlighting the need for updating existing computational classification methods. Advances in technology and the increasing variety of applications have introduced challenges, such as more complex classes and a demand for greater detail. In recent years, deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly enhanced the segmentation of satellite images. Since the training of CNNs requires sophisticated and expensive hardware and significant time, using pre-trained networks has become widespread in the segmentation of satellite image. This study proposes a hybrid synergistic semantic segmentation method based on the Deeplab v3+ network and a clustering-based post-processing scheme. The proposed method accurately classifies various land cover (LC) types in multispectral satellite images, including Pastures, Other Built-Up Areas, Water Bodies, Urban Areas, Grasslands, Forest, Farmland, and Others. The post-processing scheme includes a spectral bag-of-words model and K-medoids clustering to refine the Deeplab v3+ outputs and correct possible errors. The simulation results indicate that combining the post-processing scheme with deep learning improves the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) by approximately 5.7% compared to the baseline method. Additionally, the proposed approach is robust to data imbalance cases and can dynamically update its codewords over different seasons. Finally, the proposed synergistic semantic segmentation method was compared with several state-of-the-art segmentation methods in satellite images of Italy’s Lake Garda (Lago di Garda) region. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the best existing techniques by at least 6% in terms of MCC. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: text – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: application/pdf – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: Environmental Sensing; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s25071988 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.3390/s25071988 – Name: URL Label: Availability Group: URL Data: https://doi.org/10.3390/s25071988 – Name: Copyright Label: Rights Group: Cpyrght Data: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsbas.C0C6E54A |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/s25071988 Languages: – Text: English Subjects: – SubjectFull: Deeplab v3+ Type: general – SubjectFull: ResNet-50 Type: general – SubjectFull: K-medoids clustering Type: general – SubjectFull: satellite images Type: general – SubjectFull: multispectral processing Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Land Cover Classification Model Using Multispectral Satellite Images Based on a Deep Learning Synergistic Semantic Segmentation Network Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vahid Hajihashemi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: José J. M. Machado – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: João Manuel R. S. Tavares IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-locals Value: edsbas – Type: issn-locals Value: edsbas.oa Titles: – TitleFull: Sensors ; Volume 25 ; Issue 7 ; Pages: 1988 Type: main |
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