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Land Cover Classification Model Using Multispectral Satellite Images Based on a Deep Learning Synergistic Semantic Segmentation Network

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Název: Land Cover Classification Model Using Multispectral Satellite Images Based on a Deep Learning Synergistic Semantic Segmentation Network
Autoři: Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh, Vahid Hajihashemi, José J. M. Machado, João Manuel R. S. Tavares
Zdroj: Sensors ; Volume 25 ; Issue 7 ; Pages: 1988
Informace o vydavateli: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Rok vydání: 2025
Sbírka: MDPI Open Access Publishing
Témata: Deeplab v3+, ResNet-50, K-medoids clustering, satellite images, multispectral processing
Popis: Land cover classification (LCC) using satellite images is one of the rapidly expanding fields in mapping, highlighting the need for updating existing computational classification methods. Advances in technology and the increasing variety of applications have introduced challenges, such as more complex classes and a demand for greater detail. In recent years, deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly enhanced the segmentation of satellite images. Since the training of CNNs requires sophisticated and expensive hardware and significant time, using pre-trained networks has become widespread in the segmentation of satellite image. This study proposes a hybrid synergistic semantic segmentation method based on the Deeplab v3+ network and a clustering-based post-processing scheme. The proposed method accurately classifies various land cover (LC) types in multispectral satellite images, including Pastures, Other Built-Up Areas, Water Bodies, Urban Areas, Grasslands, Forest, Farmland, and Others. The post-processing scheme includes a spectral bag-of-words model and K-medoids clustering to refine the Deeplab v3+ outputs and correct possible errors. The simulation results indicate that combining the post-processing scheme with deep learning improves the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) by approximately 5.7% compared to the baseline method. Additionally, the proposed approach is robust to data imbalance cases and can dynamically update its codewords over different seasons. Finally, the proposed synergistic semantic segmentation method was compared with several state-of-the-art segmentation methods in satellite images of Italy’s Lake Garda (Lago di Garda) region. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the best existing techniques by at least 6% in terms of MCC.
Druh dokumentu: text
Popis souboru: application/pdf
Jazyk: English
Relation: Environmental Sensing; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s25071988
DOI: 10.3390/s25071988
Dostupnost: https://doi.org/10.3390/s25071988
Rights: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Přístupové číslo: edsbas.C0C6E54A
Databáze: BASE
Popis
Abstrakt:Land cover classification (LCC) using satellite images is one of the rapidly expanding fields in mapping, highlighting the need for updating existing computational classification methods. Advances in technology and the increasing variety of applications have introduced challenges, such as more complex classes and a demand for greater detail. In recent years, deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly enhanced the segmentation of satellite images. Since the training of CNNs requires sophisticated and expensive hardware and significant time, using pre-trained networks has become widespread in the segmentation of satellite image. This study proposes a hybrid synergistic semantic segmentation method based on the Deeplab v3+ network and a clustering-based post-processing scheme. The proposed method accurately classifies various land cover (LC) types in multispectral satellite images, including Pastures, Other Built-Up Areas, Water Bodies, Urban Areas, Grasslands, Forest, Farmland, and Others. The post-processing scheme includes a spectral bag-of-words model and K-medoids clustering to refine the Deeplab v3+ outputs and correct possible errors. The simulation results indicate that combining the post-processing scheme with deep learning improves the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) by approximately 5.7% compared to the baseline method. Additionally, the proposed approach is robust to data imbalance cases and can dynamically update its codewords over different seasons. Finally, the proposed synergistic semantic segmentation method was compared with several state-of-the-art segmentation methods in satellite images of Italy’s Lake Garda (Lago di Garda) region. The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the best existing techniques by at least 6% in terms of MCC.
DOI:10.3390/s25071988