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Presentation_1_Inferring bovine tuberculosis transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment and risk mapping.pdf

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Title: Presentation_1_Inferring bovine tuberculosis transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment and risk mapping.pdf
Authors: You Chang, Nienke Hartemink, Andrew W. Byrne, Eamonn Gormley, Guy McGrath, Jamie A. Tratalos, Philip Breslin, Simon J. More, Mart C. M. de Jong
Publication Year: 2023
Collection: Frontiers: Figshare
Subject Terms: Animal Systematics and Taxonomy, Animal Physiology - Biophysics, Animal Physiology - Cell, Animal Physiology - Systems, Animal Behaviour, Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology, Animal Immunology, Animal Neurobiology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Animal Structure and Function, Veterinary Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Diagnosis and Diagnostics, Veterinary Epidemiology, Veterinary Immunology, Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Microbiology (excl. Virology), Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Pharmacology, Veterinary Surgery, Veterinary Virology, Veterinary Sciences not elsewhere classified, bovine tuberculosis, environmental transmission, domestic wildlife interface, R map, next-generation matrix method
Description: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is one of the most challenging and persistent health issues in many countries worldwide. In several countries, bTB control is complicated due to the presence of wildlife reservoirs of infection, i.e. European badger (Meles meles) in Ireland and the UK, which can transmit infection to cattle. However, a quantitative understanding of the role of cattle and badgers in bTB transmission is elusive, especially where there is spatial variation in relative density between badgers and cattle. Moreover, as these two species have infrequent direct contact, environmental transmission is likely to play a role, but the quantitative importance of the environment has not been assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to better understand bTB transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment in a spatially explicit context and to identify high-risk areas. We developed an environmental transmission model that incorporates both within-herd/territory transmission and between-species transmission, with the latter facilitated by badger territories overlapping with herd areas. Model parameters such as transmission rate parameters and the decay rate parameter of M. bovis were estimated by maximum likelihood estimation using infection data from badgers and cattle collected during a 4-year badger vaccination trial. Our estimation showed that the environment can play an important role in the transmission of bTB, with a half-life of M. bovis in the environment of around 177 days. Based on the estimated transmission rate parameters, we calculate the basic reproduction ratio (R) within a herd, which reveals how relative badger density dictates transmission. In addition, we simulated transmission in each small local area to generate a first between-herd R map that identifies high-risk areas.
Document Type: conference object
Language: unknown
Relation: https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_1_Inferring_bovine_tuberculosis_transmission_between_cattle_and_badgers_via_the_environment_and_risk_mapping_pdf/24220636
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233173.s001
Availability: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1233173.s001
https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_1_Inferring_bovine_tuberculosis_transmission_between_cattle_and_badgers_via_the_environment_and_risk_mapping_pdf/24220636
Rights: CC BY 4.0
Accession Number: edsbas.7DB1464B
Database: BASE
Description
Abstract:Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is one of the most challenging and persistent health issues in many countries worldwide. In several countries, bTB control is complicated due to the presence of wildlife reservoirs of infection, i.e. European badger (Meles meles) in Ireland and the UK, which can transmit infection to cattle. However, a quantitative understanding of the role of cattle and badgers in bTB transmission is elusive, especially where there is spatial variation in relative density between badgers and cattle. Moreover, as these two species have infrequent direct contact, environmental transmission is likely to play a role, but the quantitative importance of the environment has not been assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to better understand bTB transmission between cattle and badgers via the environment in a spatially explicit context and to identify high-risk areas. We developed an environmental transmission model that incorporates both within-herd/territory transmission and between-species transmission, with the latter facilitated by badger territories overlapping with herd areas. Model parameters such as transmission rate parameters and the decay rate parameter of M. bovis were estimated by maximum likelihood estimation using infection data from badgers and cattle collected during a 4-year badger vaccination trial. Our estimation showed that the environment can play an important role in the transmission of bTB, with a half-life of M. bovis in the environment of around 177 days. Based on the estimated transmission rate parameters, we calculate the basic reproduction ratio (R) within a herd, which reveals how relative badger density dictates transmission. In addition, we simulated transmission in each small local area to generate a first between-herd R map that identifies high-risk areas.
DOI:10.3389/fvets.2023.1233173.s001