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Assessment of Dietary Iron Intake and Sources in Early Childhood in a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey.

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Title: Assessment of Dietary Iron Intake and Sources in Early Childhood in a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey.
Authors: Chouraqui, J.P., Renella, R., Turck, D.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: Université de Lausanne (UNIL): Serval - Serveur académique lausannois
Subject Terms: Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infant, Female, Male, Child, Preschool, France, Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage, Diet/statistics & numerical data, Diet Records, Reference Values, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control, Diet Surveys, Evolution of iron intake over 30 years, Infants, Iron deficiency risk, Iron-fortified formula, Young children
Description: Iron deficiency has particular importance in early childhood because of its impact on growth and development. Preventive food-based strategies of iron deficiency require knowledge of intakes and sources of iron. This study aimed to assess daily iron intakes (DIIs) in 2013, to compare them with the dietary reference values, to assess their evolution since 1981, and to identify iron food sources among nonbreastfed French children younger than 3 years. This was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013 in France to assess DIIs by means of comparing them with the dietary reference values. Parents' reported diet diaries were collected for 3 nonconsecutive days. Of the 1,184 children enrolled in the study, 1,035 nonbreastfed healthy children aged 0.5 to 35 months stratified into 11 age groups were included after informed consent was obtained from parents and according to a weighted quota sampling method. DII from the different food sources and trends in their evolution from 1981 to 2013 was assessed. Results are expressed as median with interquartile range and range and mean ± SD. Student t test was used with the 2-sided α level of significance set at 5%. Mean ± SD DII was 6.7 ± 2.3 mg/d before 6 months, 8.2 ± 2.7 mg/d from 6 months to 1 year, and 7.0 ± 3.2 mg/d from 1 to 3 years. The prevalence of infants older than 7 months with a DII less than the dietary reference values was 52.5%, and that of young children was 30%. After slightly increasing until 2005, DIIs decreased thereafter. Formulas contributed to most of the DIIs up to 2 years of age. Cereals were the second largest contributor to DIIs, and meat accounted for a small part of iron intake. A substantial number of children between 6 months and 3 years of age were at risk of insufficient iron intake. This risk increased from 2005 to 2013. The role of formula in ensuring iron intake is highlighted. More research on health outcomes of low iron intakes is needed.
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
Language: English
ISSN: 2212-2672
Relation: Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/218808; serval:BIB_7356E59A976B; 001259153100001
DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.12.009
Availability: https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/218808
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.12.009
Accession Number: edsbas.7DAE4C2B
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  Data: Iron deficiency has particular importance in early childhood because of its impact on growth and development. Preventive food-based strategies of iron deficiency require knowledge of intakes and sources of iron. This study aimed to assess daily iron intakes (DIIs) in 2013, to compare them with the dietary reference values, to assess their evolution since 1981, and to identify iron food sources among nonbreastfed French children younger than 3 years. This was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013 in France to assess DIIs by means of comparing them with the dietary reference values. Parents' reported diet diaries were collected for 3 nonconsecutive days. Of the 1,184 children enrolled in the study, 1,035 nonbreastfed healthy children aged 0.5 to 35 months stratified into 11 age groups were included after informed consent was obtained from parents and according to a weighted quota sampling method. DII from the different food sources and trends in their evolution from 1981 to 2013 was assessed. Results are expressed as median with interquartile range and range and mean ± SD. Student t test was used with the 2-sided α level of significance set at 5%. Mean ± SD DII was 6.7 ± 2.3 mg/d before 6 months, 8.2 ± 2.7 mg/d from 6 months to 1 year, and 7.0 ± 3.2 mg/d from 1 to 3 years. The prevalence of infants older than 7 months with a DII less than the dietary reference values was 52.5%, and that of young children was 30%. After slightly increasing until 2005, DIIs decreased thereafter. Formulas contributed to most of the DIIs up to 2 years of age. Cereals were the second largest contributor to DIIs, and meat accounted for a small part of iron intake. A substantial number of children between 6 months and 3 years of age were at risk of insufficient iron intake. This risk increased from 2005 to 2013. The role of formula in ensuring iron intake is highlighted. More research on health outcomes of low iron intakes is needed.
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        Type: general
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