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Derivation of the Cramér-Rao Bound in the GNSS-Reflectometry Context for Static, Ground-Based Receivers in Scenarios with Coherent Reflection

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Title: Derivation of the Cramér-Rao Bound in the GNSS-Reflectometry Context for Static, Ground-Based Receivers in Scenarios with Coherent Reflection
Authors: Ribot Sanfelix, Miguel Angel, Botteron, Cyril, Farine, Pierre-André
Publisher Information: Mdpi Ag
Basel
Publication Year: 2016
Collection: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL): Infoscience
Subject Terms: GNSS-R, Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB), coherent reflection, L-band, soil moisture estimation, altimetry, interference pattern technique (IPT)
Description: The use of the reflected Global Navigation Satellite Systems’ (GNSS) signals in Earth observation applications, referred to as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has been already studied for more than two decades. However, the estimation precision that can be achieved by GNSS-R sensors in some particular scenarios is still not fully understood yet. In an effort to partially fill this gap, in this paper, we compute the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) for the specific case of static ground-based GNSS-R receivers and scenarios where the coherent component of the reflected signal is dominant. We compute the CRB for GNSS signals with different modulations, GPS L1 C/A and GPS L5 I/Q, which use binary phase-shift keying, and Galileo E1 B/C and E5, using the binary offset carrier. The CRB for these signals is evaluated as a function of the receiver bandwidth and different scenario parameters, such as the height of the receiver or the properties of the reflection surface. The CRB computation presented considers observation times of up to several tens of seconds, in which the satellite elevation angle observed changes significantly. Finally, the results obtained show the theoretical benefit of using modern GNSS signals with GNSS-R techniques using long observation times, such as the interference pattern technique. ; ESPLAB
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
Language: unknown
ISSN: 1424-8220
Relation: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223497/files/1424-8220-16-12-2063.pdf; Sensors; https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/131738; WOS:000391303000083
DOI: 10.3390/s16122063
Availability: https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122063
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/131738
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14299/131738
Accession Number: edsbas.61335BE7
Database: BASE
Description
Abstract:The use of the reflected Global Navigation Satellite Systems’ (GNSS) signals in Earth observation applications, referred to as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has been already studied for more than two decades. However, the estimation precision that can be achieved by GNSS-R sensors in some particular scenarios is still not fully understood yet. In an effort to partially fill this gap, in this paper, we compute the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) for the specific case of static ground-based GNSS-R receivers and scenarios where the coherent component of the reflected signal is dominant. We compute the CRB for GNSS signals with different modulations, GPS L1 C/A and GPS L5 I/Q, which use binary phase-shift keying, and Galileo E1 B/C and E5, using the binary offset carrier. The CRB for these signals is evaluated as a function of the receiver bandwidth and different scenario parameters, such as the height of the receiver or the properties of the reflection surface. The CRB computation presented considers observation times of up to several tens of seconds, in which the satellite elevation angle observed changes significantly. Finally, the results obtained show the theoretical benefit of using modern GNSS signals with GNSS-R techniques using long observation times, such as the interference pattern technique. ; ESPLAB
ISSN:14248220
DOI:10.3390/s16122063