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Women in sports: the assessment of renal function and kidney damage

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Titel: Women in sports: the assessment of renal function and kidney damage
Autoren: Ružić, Lana, Šimundić, Ana-Maria, Radišić Biljak, Vanja, Vidranski, Tihomir, Vidranski, Valentina, Đuras, Anamarija
Quelle: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. 63(s1):s1693-s1810
Verlagsinformationen: 2025.
Publikationsjahr: 2025
Schlagwörter: renal function, Women in sports, kidney damage
Beschreibung: Intense physical activity causes numerous metabolic and functional changes and adaptations in the athlete's body. Many studies indicate changes in renal function immediately after intense physical activity. However, little is known about whether these changes are permanent and visible without physical exertion. The study aimed to explore possible pathological changes in renal function and kidney damage in young, healthy female athletes. We included 122 female team sports athletes in the study. Venous blood and urine samples were collected after a 12-hour fasting and before strenuous physical activity. Serum and urine creatinine, urine albumin and total protein (measured on Olympus AU 400 biochemistry analyzer), serum cystatin C, α2-macroglobulin, β2-microglobulin, and urine α1-microglobulin (measured on Siemens BN ProSpec nephelometer) were considered as possible renal function and kidney damage biomarkers. We compared the results to the manufacturers' reference intervals used in the laboratory. Serum creatinine concentrations (73.1 ± 8.9 µmol/L), although positively skewed (P=0.0086), were within the reference interval (RI) (49 – 90 µmol/L). Cystatin C, a muscle mass and nutrition-independent kidney biomarker, followed the normal distribution (0.76 ± 0.09 mg/L) and was well within the RI (0.62 – 1.11 mg/L). Both α2-macroglobulin (2.3 ± 0.5 g/L) and β2-microglobulin (1.61 ± 0.29) concentrations were within the manufacturer RI. The majority of athletes had very low concentrations of urine albumin (median 0.6 mg/mmol creatinine), urine protein (median 7.0 mg/mmol creatinine), and urine α1-microglobulin (median 5.5 mg/L, proposed cut-off 3.0 mg/mmol). Most biomarker concentrations were within the reference intervals and the proposed cut-offs, indicating no impairment in renal function or reduced glomerular filtration rate among young, healthy female athletes. It is possible that increased muscle mass, daily dehydration, as well as a protein-rich diet contributed to the higher levels of creatinine observed. Mild albuminuria should be confirmed in the total absence of physical activity.
Publikationsart: Conference object
ISSN: 1434-6621
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2025-8053
Zugangs-URL: https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/cclm-2025-8053/pdf
Dokumentencode: edsair.dris...01492..c5c00135ff19389500ac55d1e388e21a
Datenbank: OpenAIRE
Beschreibung
Abstract:Intense physical activity causes numerous metabolic and functional changes and adaptations in the athlete's body. Many studies indicate changes in renal function immediately after intense physical activity. However, little is known about whether these changes are permanent and visible without physical exertion. The study aimed to explore possible pathological changes in renal function and kidney damage in young, healthy female athletes. We included 122 female team sports athletes in the study. Venous blood and urine samples were collected after a 12-hour fasting and before strenuous physical activity. Serum and urine creatinine, urine albumin and total protein (measured on Olympus AU 400 biochemistry analyzer), serum cystatin C, α2-macroglobulin, β2-microglobulin, and urine α1-microglobulin (measured on Siemens BN ProSpec nephelometer) were considered as possible renal function and kidney damage biomarkers. We compared the results to the manufacturers' reference intervals used in the laboratory. Serum creatinine concentrations (73.1 ± 8.9 µmol/L), although positively skewed (P=0.0086), were within the reference interval (RI) (49 – 90 µmol/L). Cystatin C, a muscle mass and nutrition-independent kidney biomarker, followed the normal distribution (0.76 ± 0.09 mg/L) and was well within the RI (0.62 – 1.11 mg/L). Both α2-macroglobulin (2.3 ± 0.5 g/L) and β2-microglobulin (1.61 ± 0.29) concentrations were within the manufacturer RI. The majority of athletes had very low concentrations of urine albumin (median 0.6 mg/mmol creatinine), urine protein (median 7.0 mg/mmol creatinine), and urine α1-microglobulin (median 5.5 mg/L, proposed cut-off 3.0 mg/mmol). Most biomarker concentrations were within the reference intervals and the proposed cut-offs, indicating no impairment in renal function or reduced glomerular filtration rate among young, healthy female athletes. It is possible that increased muscle mass, daily dehydration, as well as a protein-rich diet contributed to the higher levels of creatinine observed. Mild albuminuria should be confirmed in the total absence of physical activity.
ISSN:14346621
DOI:10.1515/cclm-2025-8053