U borbi za kruh i ruže – štrajkaške prakse radnica u Hrvatskoj između dvaju svjetskih ratova (1918.–1939.)
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| Titel: | U borbi za kruh i ruže – štrajkaške prakse radnica u Hrvatskoj između dvaju svjetskih ratova (1918.–1939.) |
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| Autoren: | Rajković Pejić, Ana |
| Quelle: | Historijska traganja. 23:121-152 |
| Verlagsinformationen: | 2024. |
| Publikationsjahr: | 2024 |
| Schlagwörter: | Nezavisni sindikati, strike kitchens, Ujedinjeni radnički sindikalni savez Ju- goslavije, Hrvatski radnički savez, radnički pokret, United Workers' Union of Yugoslavia, wages, Independent Unions, labor movement, Tvornica Schicht, strikes, Tivar, women workers, Croatian Workers' Union, štrajkaške kuhinje, radnice, štrajkovi, nadnica, Bizjak, Schicht Factory |
| Beschreibung: | Despite repressive measures to curb strikes and put them to an end, Yugoslav women workers were extremely active in organizing strikes. The reason for this, among others, was that according to workers newspapers women had become the object of the most ruthless capitalist exploitation. Female workers were forming trade unions, choosing their representatives as well as forming agitation committees. Moreover, women organized seminars in trade union premises and discussed women’s equality, the need for higher wages and the necessity for political engagement. At that time, women were active participants in trade union agitation of The United Federation of Workers’ Unions of Yugoslavia United (URSSJ), mostly handing out leaflets and calling for organized actions, which was the reason why they were often sacked. Due to hard working conditions strike had become a basic form of activism, aimed at changing the social, economic and gender positions. The most frequent reasons for organizing strikes were demands for higher wages, improvement of terrible working conditions, harassment at the workplace and solidarity. This article addresses the most significant strikes organized by women workers – those in the Saponia factory (Osijek), Silk factory (Osijek) and Bizjak factory (Zagreb) in oder to answer the questions like: what was the cause of these strikes, how did authorities reacted, did the workers manage to fulfill their demands, etc. The analysis of these strikes is based on the archival materials from the State Archives in Osijek, The Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and newspaper articles from various newspapers (Jutarnji list, Hrvatski list, Organizovani radnik, Borba, Radnički list). Diverse secondary literature was used to depict the social and political context of women workers’ activism. Unatoč represivnim okvirima Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, a onda i Kraljevine Jugoslavije, u čijem je sastavu bila i Hrvatska, te činjenici da žene nisu imale politička prava, radnice su u razdoblju između dvaju svjetskih ratova započele sve intenzivnije zahtijevati poboljšanje svojih socijalnih i ekonomskih uvjeta. Navedeno se posebno odnosi na štrajkove radnica u okviru kojih su tražile poboljšanje radnih uvjeta, veće nadnice te sklapanje kolektivnih ugovora. U kontekstu navedenoga cilj je rada analizirati tri štrajka radnica (štrajk radnica u Tvornici sapuna Schicht, Tvornici keksa Bizjak te Tivaru). Analiza se temelji na arhivskim izvorima Hrvatskog državnog arhiva u Zagrebu te Državnog arhiva u Osijeku, kao i na periodici (Organizovani radnik, Radnička štampa, Hrvatski list itd.), te na sekundarnoj literaturi koja je korištena kako bi se u radu pružio širi društveno-politički kontekst organiziranja i tijeka štrajkova. |
| Publikationsart: | Article |
| ISSN: | 1840-3875 |
| Dokumentencode: | edsair.dris...01492..45e6661210a0d12d469c5e6ce5ed674e |
| Datenbank: | OpenAIRE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Despite repressive measures to curb strikes and put them to an end, Yugoslav women workers were extremely active in organizing strikes. The reason for this, among others, was that according to workers newspapers women had become the object of the most ruthless capitalist exploitation. Female workers were forming trade unions, choosing their representatives as well as forming agitation committees. Moreover, women organized seminars in trade union premises and discussed women’s equality, the need for higher wages and the necessity for political engagement. At that time, women were active participants in trade union agitation of The United Federation of Workers’ Unions of Yugoslavia United (URSSJ), mostly handing out leaflets and calling for organized actions, which was the reason why they were often sacked. Due to hard working conditions strike had become a basic form of activism, aimed at changing the social, economic and gender positions. The most frequent reasons for organizing strikes were demands for higher wages, improvement of terrible working conditions, harassment at the workplace and solidarity. This article addresses the most significant strikes organized by women workers – those in the Saponia factory (Osijek), Silk factory (Osijek) and Bizjak factory (Zagreb) in oder to answer the questions like: what was the cause of these strikes, how did authorities reacted, did the workers manage to fulfill their demands, etc. The analysis of these strikes is based on the archival materials from the State Archives in Osijek, The Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and newspaper articles from various newspapers (Jutarnji list, Hrvatski list, Organizovani radnik, Borba, Radnički list). Diverse secondary literature was used to depict the social and political context of women workers’ activism.<br />Unatoč represivnim okvirima Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, a onda i Kraljevine Jugoslavije, u čijem je sastavu bila i Hrvatska, te činjenici da žene nisu imale politička prava, radnice su u razdoblju između dvaju svjetskih ratova započele sve intenzivnije zahtijevati poboljšanje svojih socijalnih i ekonomskih uvjeta. Navedeno se posebno odnosi na štrajkove radnica u okviru kojih su tražile poboljšanje radnih uvjeta, veće nadnice te sklapanje kolektivnih ugovora. U kontekstu navedenoga cilj je rada analizirati tri štrajka radnica (štrajk radnica u Tvornici sapuna Schicht, Tvornici keksa Bizjak te Tivaru). Analiza se temelji na arhivskim izvorima Hrvatskog državnog arhiva u Zagrebu te Državnog arhiva u Osijeku, kao i na periodici (Organizovani radnik, Radnička štampa, Hrvatski list itd.), te na sekundarnoj literaturi koja je korištena kako bi se u radu pružio širi društveno-politički kontekst organiziranja i tijeka štrajkova. |
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| ISSN: | 18403875 |