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Comparative study of sample preparation procedures to determine the main compounds in ayahuasca beverages by QuEChERS and high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis

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Title: Comparative study of sample preparation procedures to determine the main compounds in ayahuasca beverages by QuEChERS and high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis
Authors: Gonçalves, Joana, Rosado, Tiago, Barroso, Mário, Restolho, José, Fernández, Nicolás, Luís, Ângelo, Gallardo, Eugenia, Duarte, Ana Paula
Contributors: Repositório Comum, uBibliorum
Source: Phytochemical Analysis. 35:1371-1382
Publisher Information: Wiley, 2024.
Publication Year: 2024
Subject Terms: Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction - DLLME, QuEChERS, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Liquid Phase Microextraction, Pesticide residue, Sample preparation, Social Sciences, Toxicology, Quechers, Analyte, Beverages, 03 medical and health sciences, Detection limit, MEPS, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Limit of Detection, Extraction (chemistry), Psychology, Chemometrics, Chiral Separation in Chromatography, Biology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Spectroscopy, Drug Analysis, Chromatography, DLLME, Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Therapy, Banisteriopsis, Forensic Toxicology Methods and Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Life Sciences, Ayahuasca, Microextraction by Packed Sorbent - MEPS, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 6. Clean water, High-performance liquid chromatography, FOS: Sociology, FOS: Psychology, Pesticide, Clinical Psychology, Chemistry, Harmine, Anthropology, Physical Sciences, 0305 other medical science, Neuroscience
Description: IntroductionAyahuasca is a psychoactive drink originally consumed by indigenous people of the Amazon. The lack of regulation of this drink leads to uncontrolled consumption, and it is often consumed in religious contexts.ObjectiveThe aim of this work is to compare three miniaturised extraction techniques for extracting the main ayahuasca compounds from beverages.MethodologyThree sample pretreatment techniques were evaluated (dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction [DLLME], microextraction by packed sorbent [MEPS] and QuEChERS [Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe]) for the simultaneous extraction of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), tetrahydroharmine (THH), harmine, harmaline, harmol and harmalol from ayahuasca beverage samples. Then, the most promising technique (QuEChERS) was chosen to pre‐concentrate the analytes, subsequently detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD).ResultsThe procedure was optimised, with the final conditions being 500 μL of extractor solvent, 85 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA) and 4 s of vortexing. The analytical method was validated, showing to be linear between 0.16 and 10 μg/mL for β‐carbolines and between 0.016 and 1 μg/mL for DMT, with coefficients of determination (R2) between 0.9968 and 0.9993. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.16 μg/mL for all compounds, except for DMT (0.016 μg/mL) and extraction efficiencies varied between 60.2% and 88.0%.ConclusionThe analytical methodology proved to be accurate and precise, with good linearity, LODs and LLOQs. This method has been fully validated and successfully applied to ayahuasca beverage samples.
Document Type: Article
Other literature type
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
ISSN: 1099-1565
0958-0344
DOI: 10.1002/pca.3370
DOI: 10.60692/9jj34-ztt17
DOI: 10.60692/x67t3-z9r59
Access URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38699824
https://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/50812
https://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/14436
Rights: CC BY
Accession Number: edsair.doi.dedup.....87f13a56b6ecaa427cd8d5dafac2c48c
Database: OpenAIRE
Description
Abstract:IntroductionAyahuasca is a psychoactive drink originally consumed by indigenous people of the Amazon. The lack of regulation of this drink leads to uncontrolled consumption, and it is often consumed in religious contexts.ObjectiveThe aim of this work is to compare three miniaturised extraction techniques for extracting the main ayahuasca compounds from beverages.MethodologyThree sample pretreatment techniques were evaluated (dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction [DLLME], microextraction by packed sorbent [MEPS] and QuEChERS [Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe]) for the simultaneous extraction of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), tetrahydroharmine (THH), harmine, harmaline, harmol and harmalol from ayahuasca beverage samples. Then, the most promising technique (QuEChERS) was chosen to pre‐concentrate the analytes, subsequently detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD).ResultsThe procedure was optimised, with the final conditions being 500 μL of extractor solvent, 85 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA) and 4 s of vortexing. The analytical method was validated, showing to be linear between 0.16 and 10 μg/mL for β‐carbolines and between 0.016 and 1 μg/mL for DMT, with coefficients of determination (R2) between 0.9968 and 0.9993. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.16 μg/mL for all compounds, except for DMT (0.016 μg/mL) and extraction efficiencies varied between 60.2% and 88.0%.ConclusionThe analytical methodology proved to be accurate and precise, with good linearity, LODs and LLOQs. This method has been fully validated and successfully applied to ayahuasca beverage samples.
ISSN:10991565
09580344
DOI:10.1002/pca.3370