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Acoustic Sensing of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Temperature from Uplooking ADCPs

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Title: Acoustic Sensing of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Temperature from Uplooking ADCPs
Authors: Brenner, Samuel, Thomson, Jim, Rainville, Luc, Torres, Daniel, Doble, Martin, Wilkinson, Jeremy, Lee, Craig
Source: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 40:53-64
Publisher Information: American Meteorological Society, 2023.
Publication Year: 2023
Subject Terms: Ocean, Arctic, In situ oceanic observations, 13. Climate action, Acoustic measurements/effects, 14. Life underwater, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation/sensors, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Description: Properties of the surface mixed layer (ML) are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions in the changing Arctic Ocean. Mooring measurements are typically unable to resolve the ML in the Arctic due to the need for instruments to remain below the surface to avoid contact with sea ice and icebergs. Here, we use measurements from a series of three moorings installed for one year in the Beaufort Sea to demonstrate that upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) installed on subsurface floats can be used to estimate ML properties. A method is developed for combining measured peaks in acoustic backscatter and inertial shear from the ADCPs to estimate the ML depth. Additionally, we use an inverse sound speed model to infer the summer ML temperature based on offsets in ADCP altimeter distance during open-water periods. The ADCP estimates of ML depth and ML temperature compare favorably with measurements made from mooring temperature sensors, satellite SST, and from an autonomous Seaglider. These methods could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover additional information about ML property changes and variability.
Document Type: Article
ISSN: 1520-0426
0739-0572
DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0055.1
Access URL: https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533701/
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  Data: Acoustic Sensing of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Temperature from Uplooking ADCPs
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brenner%2C+Samuel%22">Brenner, Samuel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thomson%2C+Jim%22">Thomson, Jim</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rainville%2C+Luc%22">Rainville, Luc</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torres%2C+Daniel%22">Torres, Daniel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doble%2C+Martin%22">Doble, Martin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilkinson%2C+Jeremy%22">Wilkinson, Jeremy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Craig%22">Lee, Craig</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology</i>. 40:53-64
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  Data: American Meteorological Society, 2023.
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  Label: Publication Year
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  Data: 2023
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean%22">Ocean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arctic%22">Arctic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22In+situ+oceanic+observations%22">In situ oceanic observations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%2213%2E+Climate+action%22">13. Climate action</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustic+measurements%2Feffects%22">Acoustic measurements/effects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%2214%2E+Life+underwater%22">14. Life underwater</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%2201+natural+sciences%22">01 natural sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instrumentation%2Fsensors%22">Instrumentation/sensors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%220105+earth+and+related+environmental+sciences%22">0105 earth and related environmental sciences</searchLink>
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  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: Properties of the surface mixed layer (ML) are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions in the changing Arctic Ocean. Mooring measurements are typically unable to resolve the ML in the Arctic due to the need for instruments to remain below the surface to avoid contact with sea ice and icebergs. Here, we use measurements from a series of three moorings installed for one year in the Beaufort Sea to demonstrate that upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) installed on subsurface floats can be used to estimate ML properties. A method is developed for combining measured peaks in acoustic backscatter and inertial shear from the ADCPs to estimate the ML depth. Additionally, we use an inverse sound speed model to infer the summer ML temperature based on offsets in ADCP altimeter distance during open-water periods. The ADCP estimates of ML depth and ML temperature compare favorably with measurements made from mooring temperature sensors, satellite SST, and from an autonomous Seaglider. These methods could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover additional information about ML property changes and variability.
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  Data: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0055.1
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        Value: 10.1175/jtech-d-22-0055.1
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        PageCount: 12
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ocean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arctic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In situ oceanic observations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: 13. Climate action
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      – SubjectFull: Acoustic measurements/effects
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      – SubjectFull: 14. Life underwater
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: 01 natural sciences
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      – SubjectFull: Instrumentation/sensors
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      – SubjectFull: 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
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      – TitleFull: Acoustic Sensing of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Temperature from Uplooking ADCPs
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