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Crop gains induced by diversification exceed crop losses to diseases and weeds in a low-input rice cultivation system

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Title: Crop gains induced by diversification exceed crop losses to diseases and weeds in a low-input rice cultivation system
Authors: Rahajaharilaza, Koloina, Violle, Cyrille, Muller, Bertrand, vom Brocke, Kirsten, Morel, Jean Benoît, Pélissier, Rémi, Ballini, Elsa, Luquet, Delphine, Ramavovololona, Perle, Fort, Florian, Mahaut, Lucie
Contributors: RIOU, Christine
Source: Basic and Applied Ecology, Vol 84, Iss, Pp 81-91 (2025)
Basic and Applied Ecology
Publisher Information: Elsevier BV, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Subject Terms: résistance aux maladies, diversification, rendement des cultures, Varietal mixture, Oryza sativa, [SDV.GEN.GPL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, mauvaise herbe, Pyricularia oryzae, morbidité, essai de variété, système de culture, [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, QH540-549.5, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, variété, Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, riz pluvial, agroécosystème, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agrobiodiversity, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Multifunctionality, culture en mélange, pure stands [EN], Functional traits
Description: Crop losses to pests, or crop gains to diversification: what matters most? This is a pivotal question for the acceptance of crop diversification solutions by farmers and breeders. At the intraspecific level in particular, the magnitude of beneficial effects of mixing varieties on crop yield compared to disease attacks and weed invasion in the absence of pesticide remains questioned. Here, we quantified for the first time the relative importance of different types of biotic interactions – crop-crop interactions, crop-fungi interactions and crop-weed interactions, on grain yields in a region of the world where alternative agricultural practices are urgently needed to face the multiple pressures induced by global changes. We evaluated the performance of ten upland rice varieties of Madagascar highlands using a field trial where all varieties were grown in pure stands and in bi-variety mixtures. Grain production and disease attacks by Pyricularia oryzea were assessed in all varieties and plots. Weed biomass was recorded in all plots. We also measured plant traits involved in plant-plant interactions - plant height and flowering time in particular - for all plots and varieties to identify generic assembly rules for optimizing the performance of varietal mixtures. We found strong positive effects of rice mixture on both crop yield and pathogen resistance while weed biomass remained constant and high whatever the experimental condition. When statistically controlling for one pressure, we demonstrated that the beneficial effects of crop-crop interactions on yield largely overcame the negative effects of crop-fungi and crop-weed interactions. The average height of varieties in mixtures as well as their height plasticity had strong predictive power of crop yields, confirming the great potential of trait-based approaches to design innovative cropping system. Overall, the predominant, positive effect of varietal mixtures over disease and weed pressures represents a key argument for crop diversification.
Document Type: Article
File Description: application/pdf; text
Language: English
ISSN: 1439-1791
DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.03.001
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/f81cc747c0314ea2995ecaa5ffc4c866
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05004259v1/document
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05004259v1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2025.03.001
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/612682/
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/612682/1/1-s2.0-S1439179125000222-main.pdf
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  Data: Crop losses to pests, or crop gains to diversification: what matters most? This is a pivotal question for the acceptance of crop diversification solutions by farmers and breeders. At the intraspecific level in particular, the magnitude of beneficial effects of mixing varieties on crop yield compared to disease attacks and weed invasion in the absence of pesticide remains questioned. Here, we quantified for the first time the relative importance of different types of biotic interactions – crop-crop interactions, crop-fungi interactions and crop-weed interactions, on grain yields in a region of the world where alternative agricultural practices are urgently needed to face the multiple pressures induced by global changes. We evaluated the performance of ten upland rice varieties of Madagascar highlands using a field trial where all varieties were grown in pure stands and in bi-variety mixtures. Grain production and disease attacks by Pyricularia oryzea were assessed in all varieties and plots. Weed biomass was recorded in all plots. We also measured plant traits involved in plant-plant interactions - plant height and flowering time in particular - for all plots and varieties to identify generic assembly rules for optimizing the performance of varietal mixtures. We found strong positive effects of rice mixture on both crop yield and pathogen resistance while weed biomass remained constant and high whatever the experimental condition. When statistically controlling for one pressure, we demonstrated that the beneficial effects of crop-crop interactions on yield largely overcame the negative effects of crop-fungi and crop-weed interactions. The average height of varieties in mixtures as well as their height plasticity had strong predictive power of crop yields, confirming the great potential of trait-based approaches to design innovative cropping system. Overall, the predominant, positive effect of varietal mixtures over disease and weed pressures represents a key argument for crop diversification.
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      – SubjectFull: résistance aux maladies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: diversification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: rendement des cultures
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      – SubjectFull: Functional traits
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      – TitleFull: Crop gains induced by diversification exceed crop losses to diseases and weeds in a low-input rice cultivation system
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