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Imaging the eye as a window to brain health: frontier approaches and future directions

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Titel: Imaging the eye as a window to brain health: frontier approaches and future directions
Autoren: Banna, Hasan U., Slayo, Mary, Armitage, James A., del Rosal, Blanca, Vocale, Loretta, Spencer, Sarah J.
Quelle: J Neuroinflammation
Journal of Neuroinflammation, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)
Verlagsinformationen: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024.
Publikationsjahr: 2024
Schlagwörter: 0301 basic medicine, Brain Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optical Imaging, Humans, Animals, Brain, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Review, Brain/pathology [MeSH], Brain/diagnostic imaging [MeSH], Brain Diseases/diagnosis [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Optical Imaging/trends [MeSH], Brain Diseases/pathology [MeSH], Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging [MeSH], Retina/diagnostic imaging [MeSH], Animals [MeSH], Retina/pathology [MeSH], Optical Imaging/methods [MeSH], RC346-429, Retina
Beschreibung: Recent years have seen significant advances in diagnostic testing of central nervous system (CNS) function and disease. However, there remain challenges in developing a comprehensive suite of non- or minimally invasive assays of neural health and disease progression. Due to the direct connection with the CNS, structural changes in the neural retina, retinal vasculature and morphological changes in retinal immune cells can occur in parallel with disease conditions in the brain. The retina can also, uniquely, be assessed directly and non-invasively. For these reasons, the retina may prove to be an important "window" for revealing and understanding brain disease. In this review, we discuss the gross anatomy of the eye, focusing on the sensory and non-sensory cells of the retina, especially microglia, that lend themselves to diagnosing brain disease by imaging the retina. We include a history of ocular imaging to describe the different imaging approaches undertaken in the past and outline current and emerging technologies including retinal autofluorescence imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and artificial intelligence image analysis. These new technologies show promising potential for retinal imaging to be used as a tool for the diagnosis of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and others and the assessment of treatment success.
Publikationsart: Article
Other literature type
Sprache: English
ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03304-3
Zugangs-URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614308
https://doaj.org/article/73416239739549a38d73b5f59fc953b7
https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6500954
Rights: CC BY NC ND
Dokumentencode: edsair.doi.dedup.....4cd15cdd8a07c3a0074d4dbf4c7db47f
Datenbank: OpenAIRE
Beschreibung
Abstract:Recent years have seen significant advances in diagnostic testing of central nervous system (CNS) function and disease. However, there remain challenges in developing a comprehensive suite of non- or minimally invasive assays of neural health and disease progression. Due to the direct connection with the CNS, structural changes in the neural retina, retinal vasculature and morphological changes in retinal immune cells can occur in parallel with disease conditions in the brain. The retina can also, uniquely, be assessed directly and non-invasively. For these reasons, the retina may prove to be an important "window" for revealing and understanding brain disease. In this review, we discuss the gross anatomy of the eye, focusing on the sensory and non-sensory cells of the retina, especially microglia, that lend themselves to diagnosing brain disease by imaging the retina. We include a history of ocular imaging to describe the different imaging approaches undertaken in the past and outline current and emerging technologies including retinal autofluorescence imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and artificial intelligence image analysis. These new technologies show promising potential for retinal imaging to be used as a tool for the diagnosis of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and others and the assessment of treatment success.
ISSN:17422094
DOI:10.1186/s12974-024-03304-3