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The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among apparently healthy adults in Central Kerala

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Názov: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among apparently healthy adults in Central Kerala
Autori: Rose Mary Jacob Vatakencherry, Susan John, L Saraswathy, Renjitha Bhaskaran
Zdroj: J Family Med Prim Care
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 14, Iss 6, Pp 2443-2451 (2025)
Informácie o vydavateľovi: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2025.
Rok vydania: 2025
Predmety: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, Medicine, vitamin d, Original Article, high-density lipoprotein, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, triglycerides
Popis: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of mortality globally with 80% occurring in developing countries. The known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, Hyperlipidaemia, Smoking, and Sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of these risk factors is highest in Kerala (hypertension 30% and diabetes 14.8%). Globally India has the highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease especially in Kerala. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency nationally is about 70–100% in some studies but shows contradictory results in various populations in Kerala (children 11% and 89% in perimenopause women). No Known study was done among apparently healthy adults in Kerala. Hence understanding its prevalence and its association if any to the cardiovascular risk factors may help to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Subjects were taken from those who attended the health check-up at a tertiary hospital. Blood parameters like FBS, Triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Serum Vitamin D were analyzed along with Blood pressure and waist circumference. Statistical Analysis: Frequency and Chi-squared test was done to look for prevalence and association of the various cardiovascular risk factors and vitamin D prevalence using IBM SPSS version 20.0 software. Result: It was found that Hypertension was highly prevalent (75%) among the cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of deficient and insufficient Vitamin D was 86.9% and it was significantly associated with Hypertension (p = p = p = p = P = 1.00). Conclusion: High prevalence of deficient and insufficient Vitamin D levels. And this was associated with all the risk factors except obesity. Additional information on low-density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, and HbA1c values would be strengthened. Further studies with supplementation preferably done in the community would help to confirm this association.
Druh dokumentu: Article
Other literature type
Jazyk: English
ISSN: 2278-7135
2249-4863
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1899_24
Prístupová URL adresa: https://doaj.org/article/bb41b522ddb7456182df154f38d80861
Rights: CC BY NC SA
URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Prístupové číslo: edsair.doi.dedup.....0ecb873429c26528088f1179fe6eeb1c
Databáza: OpenAIRE
Popis
Abstrakt:Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of mortality globally with 80% occurring in developing countries. The known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, Hyperlipidaemia, Smoking, and Sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of these risk factors is highest in Kerala (hypertension 30% and diabetes 14.8%). Globally India has the highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease especially in Kerala. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency nationally is about 70–100% in some studies but shows contradictory results in various populations in Kerala (children 11% and 89% in perimenopause women). No Known study was done among apparently healthy adults in Kerala. Hence understanding its prevalence and its association if any to the cardiovascular risk factors may help to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Subjects were taken from those who attended the health check-up at a tertiary hospital. Blood parameters like FBS, Triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Serum Vitamin D were analyzed along with Blood pressure and waist circumference. Statistical Analysis: Frequency and Chi-squared test was done to look for prevalence and association of the various cardiovascular risk factors and vitamin D prevalence using IBM SPSS version 20.0 software. Result: It was found that Hypertension was highly prevalent (75%) among the cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of deficient and insufficient Vitamin D was 86.9% and it was significantly associated with Hypertension (p = p = p = p = P = 1.00). Conclusion: High prevalence of deficient and insufficient Vitamin D levels. And this was associated with all the risk factors except obesity. Additional information on low-density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, and HbA1c values would be strengthened. Further studies with supplementation preferably done in the community would help to confirm this association.
ISSN:22787135
22494863
DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1899_24