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Experimental Evaluation of Photoacoustic Coded Excitation Using Unipolar Golay Codes.

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Název: Experimental Evaluation of Photoacoustic Coded Excitation Using Unipolar Golay Codes.
Autoři: Mienkina, Martin P., Friedrich, Claus-Stefan, Gerhardt, Nils C., Wilkening, Wilko G., Hofmann, Martin R., Schmitz, Georg
Zdroj: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control; Jul2010, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p1583-1593, 11p
Témata: PHOTOACOUSTIC spectroscopy, IMAGING systems, LASERS, DIODES, ULTRASONICS
Abstrakt: Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers are commonly used as light sources for photoacoustic imaging. However, laser diodes are attractive as an alternative to Nd:YAG lasers because they are less expensive and more compact. Although laser diodes deliver about three orders of magnitude less light pulse energy than Nd:YAG lasers (tens of microjoules compared with tens of millijoules), their pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is four to five orders of magnitude higher (up to 1 MHz compared with tens of hertz); this enables the use of averaging to improve SNR without compromising the image acquisition rate. In photoacoustic imaging, the PRF is limited by the maximum acoustic time-of-flight. This limit can be overcome by using coded excitation schemes in which the coding eliminates ambiguities between echoes induced by subsequent pulses. To evaluate the benefits of photoacoustic coded excitation (PACE), the performance of unipolar Golay codes is investigated analytically and validated experimentally. PACE imaging of a copper slab using laser diodes at a PRF of 1 MHz and a modified clinical ultrasound scanner is successfully demonstrated. Considering laser safety regulations and taking into account a comparison between a laser diode system and Nd:YAG systems with respect to SNR, we conclude that PACE is feasible for small animal imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Databáze: Biomedical Index
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Experimental Evaluation of Photoacoustic Coded Excitation Using Unipolar Golay Codes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mienkina%2C+Martin+P%2E%22">Mienkina, Martin P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Friedrich%2C+Claus-Stefan%22">Friedrich, Claus-Stefan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gerhardt%2C+Nils+C%2E%22">Gerhardt, Nils C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilkening%2C+Wilko+G%2E%22">Wilkening, Wilko G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hofmann%2C+Martin+R%2E%22">Hofmann, Martin R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmitz%2C+Georg%22">Schmitz, Georg</searchLink>
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  Data: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control; Jul2010, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p1583-1593, 11p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PHOTOACOUSTIC+spectroscopy%22">PHOTOACOUSTIC spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22IMAGING+systems%22">IMAGING systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LASERS%22">LASERS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DIODES%22">DIODES</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ULTRASONICS%22">ULTRASONICS</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers are commonly used as light sources for photoacoustic imaging. However, laser diodes are attractive as an alternative to Nd:YAG lasers because they are less expensive and more compact. Although laser diodes deliver about three orders of magnitude less light pulse energy than Nd:YAG lasers (tens of microjoules compared with tens of millijoules), their pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is four to five orders of magnitude higher (up to 1 MHz compared with tens of hertz); this enables the use of averaging to improve SNR without compromising the image acquisition rate. In photoacoustic imaging, the PRF is limited by the maximum acoustic time-of-flight. This limit can be overcome by using coded excitation schemes in which the coding eliminates ambiguities between echoes induced by subsequent pulses. To evaluate the benefits of photoacoustic coded excitation (PACE), the performance of unipolar Golay codes is investigated analytically and validated experimentally. PACE imaging of a copper slab using laser diodes at a PRF of 1 MHz and a modified clinical ultrasound scanner is successfully demonstrated. Considering laser safety regulations and taking into account a comparison between a laser diode system and Nd:YAG systems with respect to SNR, we conclude that PACE is feasible for small animal imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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              Text: Jul2010
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