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Home-Cage Training for Non-Human Primates: An Opportunity to Reduce Stress and Study Natural Behavior in Neurophysiology Experiments.

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Title: Home-Cage Training for Non-Human Primates: An Opportunity to Reduce Stress and Study Natural Behavior in Neurophysiology Experiments.
Authors: Ceccarelli, Francesco, Londei, Fabrizio, Arena, Giulia, Genovesio, Aldo, Ferrucci, Lorenzo
Source: Animals (2076-2615); May2025, Vol. 15 Issue 9, p1340, 26p
Subject Terms: ANIMAL welfare, EFFECT of stress on animals, COGNITIVE testing, HUMAN behavior, RESEARCH personnel
Abstract: Simple Summary: Studies using non-human primates help us better understand cognitive functions, yet traditional experimental laboratory methodologies may have as a side effect a significant time demand for research staff and the induction of stress in the animals, potentially compromising animals' welfare and experimental validity. This review discusses methods called "home-cage training", an approach where non-human primates participate in experimental testing within their usual living environment. In this review, we will show how the home-cage approach minimized the research staff's involvement in the experiments' handling and the stress induced by transportation and restraint, improving animal welfare and the reliability of experimental results compared to the classical experimental approach. This innovation significantly enhances the quality and ethical standards of neuroscience research, offering valuable insights into cognitive functions related to human behavior. Research involving non-human primates remains a cornerstone in fields such as biomedical research and systems neuroscience. However, the daily routines of laboratory work can induce stress in these animals, potentially compromising their well-being and the reliability of experimental outcomes. To address this, many laboratories have adopted home-cage training protocols to mitigate stress caused by routine procedures such as transport and restraint—a factor that can impact both macaque physiology and experimental validity. This review explores the primary methods and experimental setups employed in home-cage training, highlighting their potential not only to address ethical concerns surrounding animal welfare but also to reduce training time and risks for the researchers. Furthermore, by combining home-cage training with wireless recordings, it becomes possible to expand research opportunities in behavioral neurophysiology with non-human primates. This approach enables the study of various cognitive processes in more naturalistic settings, thereby increasing the ecological validity of scientific findings through innovative experimental designs that thoroughly investigate the complexity of the animals' natural behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Animals (2076-2615) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Biomedical Index
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  Data: Home-Cage Training for Non-Human Primates: An Opportunity to Reduce Stress and Study Natural Behavior in Neurophysiology Experiments.
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  Data: Animals (2076-2615); May2025, Vol. 15 Issue 9, p1340, 26p
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  Data: Simple Summary: Studies using non-human primates help us better understand cognitive functions, yet traditional experimental laboratory methodologies may have as a side effect a significant time demand for research staff and the induction of stress in the animals, potentially compromising animals' welfare and experimental validity. This review discusses methods called "home-cage training", an approach where non-human primates participate in experimental testing within their usual living environment. In this review, we will show how the home-cage approach minimized the research staff's involvement in the experiments' handling and the stress induced by transportation and restraint, improving animal welfare and the reliability of experimental results compared to the classical experimental approach. This innovation significantly enhances the quality and ethical standards of neuroscience research, offering valuable insights into cognitive functions related to human behavior. Research involving non-human primates remains a cornerstone in fields such as biomedical research and systems neuroscience. However, the daily routines of laboratory work can induce stress in these animals, potentially compromising their well-being and the reliability of experimental outcomes. To address this, many laboratories have adopted home-cage training protocols to mitigate stress caused by routine procedures such as transport and restraint—a factor that can impact both macaque physiology and experimental validity. This review explores the primary methods and experimental setups employed in home-cage training, highlighting their potential not only to address ethical concerns surrounding animal welfare but also to reduce training time and risks for the researchers. Furthermore, by combining home-cage training with wireless recordings, it becomes possible to expand research opportunities in behavioral neurophysiology with non-human primates. This approach enables the study of various cognitive processes in more naturalistic settings, thereby increasing the ecological validity of scientific findings through innovative experimental designs that thoroughly investigate the complexity of the animals' natural behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Animals (2076-2615) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ani15091340
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: EFFECT of stress on animals
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      – SubjectFull: COGNITIVE testing
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      – SubjectFull: HUMAN behavior
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            NameFull: Ceccarelli, Francesco
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            NameFull: Londei, Fabrizio
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            NameFull: Arena, Giulia
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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