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Imaging of Status Epilepticus.

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Název: Imaging of Status Epilepticus.
Autoři: Bosque Varela, Pilar, Machegger, Lukas, Crespo Pimentel, Bernardo, Kuchukhidze, Giorgi
Zdroj: Journal of Clinical Medicine; May2025, Vol. 14 Issue 9, p2922, 12p
Témata: DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging, STATUS epilepticus, CORPUS callosum, SPIN labels, PEOPLE with epilepsy
Abstrakt: MRI plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of status epilepticus (SE). Approximately half of patients with SE do not have pre-existing epilepsy, and the cause of de novo SE is frequently unknown. The role of MRI in the identification of causes of SE is invaluable. MRI is often helpful as a diagnostic tool in cases of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) with ambiguous EEG findings. Thus, MRI is recommended for all patients presenting with de novo SE, patients with known epilepsy with the first episode of SE and NCSE with equivocal EEG. Different peri-ictal MRI (PMA) alterations may be seen during ongoing SE or briefly after its cessation. They commonly present as peri-ictal hyper-perfusion, diffusion restriction and/or FLAIR-hyperintensity affecting specific brain areas such as the cortex, hippocampus, pulvinar of the thalamus, splenium of the corpus callosum, claustrum or cerebellum, frequently in combination, suggesting the existence of a "status epilepticus network". MRI sequences, which are necessary for detecting PMA, include diffusion-weighted imaging, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, T1-weighted imaging with and without contrast application, as well as perfusion sequences such as arterial spin labeling. Recent research suggests that they may serve as biomarkers for predicting an outcome in SE. Patients with PMA seem to have a higher mortality rate compared to those without PMA. However, there is still a substantial knowledge gap and there are many open questions related to imaging in SE. Further prospective quantitative MRI studies with uniform protocols, timing and follow-up periods are needed to answer these important and clinically relevant questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Imaging of Status Epilepticus.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bosque+Varela%2C+Pilar%22">Bosque Varela, Pilar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Machegger%2C+Lukas%22">Machegger, Lukas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crespo+Pimentel%2C+Bernardo%22">Crespo Pimentel, Bernardo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuchukhidze%2C+Giorgi%22">Kuchukhidze, Giorgi</searchLink>
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  Data: Journal of Clinical Medicine; May2025, Vol. 14 Issue 9, p2922, 12p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DIFFUSION+magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22STATUS+epilepticus%22">STATUS epilepticus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CORPUS+callosum%22">CORPUS callosum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SPIN+labels%22">SPIN labels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PEOPLE+with+epilepsy%22">PEOPLE with epilepsy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: MRI plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of status epilepticus (SE). Approximately half of patients with SE do not have pre-existing epilepsy, and the cause of de novo SE is frequently unknown. The role of MRI in the identification of causes of SE is invaluable. MRI is often helpful as a diagnostic tool in cases of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) with ambiguous EEG findings. Thus, MRI is recommended for all patients presenting with de novo SE, patients with known epilepsy with the first episode of SE and NCSE with equivocal EEG. Different peri-ictal MRI (PMA) alterations may be seen during ongoing SE or briefly after its cessation. They commonly present as peri-ictal hyper-perfusion, diffusion restriction and/or FLAIR-hyperintensity affecting specific brain areas such as the cortex, hippocampus, pulvinar of the thalamus, splenium of the corpus callosum, claustrum or cerebellum, frequently in combination, suggesting the existence of a "status epilepticus network". MRI sequences, which are necessary for detecting PMA, include diffusion-weighted imaging, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, T1-weighted imaging with and without contrast application, as well as perfusion sequences such as arterial spin labeling. Recent research suggests that they may serve as biomarkers for predicting an outcome in SE. Patients with PMA seem to have a higher mortality rate compared to those without PMA. However, there is still a substantial knowledge gap and there are many open questions related to imaging in SE. Further prospective quantitative MRI studies with uniform protocols, timing and follow-up periods are needed to answer these important and clinically relevant questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Clinical Medicine is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/jcm14092922
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: STATUS epilepticus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CORPUS callosum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SPIN labels
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      – SubjectFull: PEOPLE with epilepsy
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      – TitleFull: Imaging of Status Epilepticus.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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