Acute Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on HIF-1α Erythropoietin, and VEGF Levels in Women with a Sedentary Lifestyle: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Název: Acute Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on HIF-1α Erythropoietin, and VEGF Levels in Women with a Sedentary Lifestyle: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Alternate Title: Efectos agudos del ejercicio de resistencia y aeróbico sobre los niveles de HIF-1α, eritropoyetina y VEGF en mujeres con un estilo de vida sedentario: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. (Spanish)
Autoři: Sofiatun, Putra, Dany Pramuno, Rossa, Melya, Meilani, Estu, Dewi, Arni Kusuma, Prayitno, Dimas Aji, Ahmad, Mohd Azzuan, Riyono, Ahmad, Arianti, Devi, Wibawa, Junian Cahyanto
Zdroj: Journal of Sport & Health Research; 2025 Supplement, Vol. 17, p117-136, 20p
Témata: HYPOXIA-inducible factor 1, ERYTHROPOIETIN, VASCULAR endothelial growth factor antagonists, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, RESISTANCE training, SEDENTARY lifestyles, AEROBIC exercises
Abstract (English): Purpose. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide is a significant problem requiring immediate preventive measures. One of the triggers for cardiovascular disease is a sedentary lifestyle. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) plays a central role in cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress and regulates key downstream targets such as erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Both EPO and VEGF contribute to erythropoiesis and angiogenesis, essential physiological adaptations to exercise. Previous research confirms that exercise training is known to enhance these pathways, but the acute molecular responses after various exercise modalities remain poorly understood, particularly in less active women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF levels in women with a sedentary lifestyle. Material & Methods. Experimental and control groups before and after were used in this experimental study. People were selected through random sampling, and after they were selected, three groups were formed: the treatment group (RT) n=10 received resistance exercise intervention, the aerobic exercise intervention was given to the treatment group (AT) n=10, while the control group (CO) n=10 did not do any activity, just sitting. This study involved thirty healthy women with a sedentary lifestyle. Women aged 18 to 26 years participated as respondents in this study. Data collection took place over two days, starting with collecting information regarding the characteristics of the subjects. Then, before the exercise, the subjects had their blood drawn as pre- test data. After that, the participants were asked to warm up. Then, the subjects did physical exercises according to their groups. The exercises performed included resistance and aerobic exercises. After the exercise intervention, blood samples were taken as post-test data. Results. The results showed that resistance training was proven to significantly increase HIF-1α (CI 95%; p=0.000; Effect Size: 3.13) p<0.05 and aerobic training was proven to significantly increase HIF-1α levels (CI 95%; p = 0.005; Effect Size: 0.94) p<0.05 compared to the control group. However, the resistance training group was significantly higher than the aerobic group (CI 95%; p=0.002; Effect Size: 1.25) p<0.05. In EPO levels, resistance training significantly increased EPO levels (CI 95%; p=0.000; Effect Size: 1.52) p<0.05, aerobic training also significantly increased EPO levels (CI 95%; p=0.005; Effect Size: 3.15) p<0.05 compared to the control group. There was no difference between resistance training and aerobic training in increasing EPO levels p>0.05. Aerobic training significantly increased VEGF levels (95% CI; p=0.040; Effect Size: 1.13) p<0.05 compared to the control group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the resistance training group and aerobic training or resistance training and the control group (p>0.05). Conclusions. Physical exercise increases levels of HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF. Therefore, it can be an alternative exercise to increase angiogenesis, especially in sedentary women, which can have an impact on preventing cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo. La prevalencia mundial de las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituye un problema significativo que requiere medidas preventivas inmediatas. Uno de los factores desencadenantes de estas enfermedades es el sedentarismo. El factor inducible por hipoxia 1 alfa (HIF-1α) desempeña un papel fundamental en la adaptación celular al estrés hipóxico y regula dianas clave como la eritropoyetina (EPO) y el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF). Tanto la EPO como el VEGF contribuyen a la eritropoyesis y la angiogénesis, adaptaciones fisiológicas esenciales al ejercicio. Investigaciones previas confirman que el entrenamiento físico mejora estas vías, pero las respuestas moleculares agudas tras las distintas modalidades de ejercicio aún no se comprenden del todo, especialmente en mujeres menos activas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del ejercicio de resistencia y aeróbico sobre los niveles de HIF-1α, EPO y VEGF en mujeres con un estilo de vida sedentario. Material y métodos. En este estudio experimental se utilizaron grupos experimentales y de control antes y después del ejercicio. Las participantes fueron seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio y, tras su selección, se formaron tres grupos: el grupo de tratamiento (GT), n=10, recibió una intervención de ejercicio de resistencia; el grupo de tratamiento (GT), n=10, recibió una intervención de ejercicio aeróbico; y el grupo de control (GC), n=10, permaneció sentado sin realizar ninguna actividad. Este estudio incluyó a treinta mujeres sanas con un estilo de vida sedentario, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 26 años. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo durante dos días, comenzando con la obtención de información sobre las características de las participantes. Posteriormente, antes del ejercicio, se les extrajo sangre como dato previo a la prueba. A continuación, se les pidió a las participantes que realizaran un calentamiento. Después, realizaron ejercicios físicos según su grupo, incluyendo ejercicios de resistencia y aeróbicos. Tras la intervención, se tomaron muestras de sangre como dato posterior a la prueba. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el entrenamiento de resistencia incrementó significativamente los niveles de HIF-1α (IC 95%; p=0,000; Tamaño del efecto: 3,13; p<0,05) y el entrenamiento aeróbico también incrementó significativamente los niveles de HIF-1α (IC 95%; p=0,005; Tamaño del efecto: 0,94; p<0,05) en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, los niveles de HIF-1α fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de entrenamiento de resistencia que en el grupo de entrenamiento aeróbico (IC 95%; p=0,002; Tamaño del efecto: 1,25; p<0,05). En cuanto a los niveles de EPO, el entrenamiento de resistencia incrementó significativamente los niveles de EPO (IC 95%; p=0,000; Tamaño del efecto: 1,52; p<0,05), al igual que el entrenamiento aeróbico (IC 95%; p=0,005; Tamaño del efecto: 3,15; p<0,05) en comparación con el grupo control. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre el entrenamiento de resistencia y el entrenamiento aeróbico en el aumento de los niveles de EPO (p > 0,05). El entrenamiento aeróbico incrementó significativamente los niveles de VEGF (IC del 95%; p = 0,040; Tamaño del efecto: 1,13) (p < 0,05) en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de entrenamiento de resistencia y el de entrenamiento aeróbico, ni entre el grupo de entrenamiento de resistencia y el grupo control (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico aumenta los niveles de HIF-1α, EPO y VEGF. Por lo tanto, puede ser una alternativa para incrementar la angiogénesis, especialmente en mujeres sedentarias, lo que podría tener un impacto en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Acute Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on HIF-1α Erythropoietin, and VEGF Levels in Women with a Sedentary Lifestyle: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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  Data: Efectos agudos del ejercicio de resistencia y aer&#243;bico sobre los niveles de HIF-1α, eritropoyetina y VEGF en mujeres con un estilo de vida sedentario: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. (Spanish)
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  Data: Journal of Sport &amp; Health Research; 2025 Supplement, Vol. 17, p117-136, 20p
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22HYPOXIA-inducible+factor+1%22&quot;&gt;HYPOXIA-inducible factor 1&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22ERYTHROPOIETIN%22&quot;&gt;ERYTHROPOIETIN&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22VASCULAR+endothelial+growth+factor+antagonists%22&quot;&gt;VASCULAR endothelial growth factor antagonists&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22CARDIOVASCULAR+diseases%22&quot;&gt;CARDIOVASCULAR diseases&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22RESISTANCE+training%22&quot;&gt;RESISTANCE training&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22SEDENTARY+lifestyles%22&quot;&gt;SEDENTARY lifestyles&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22AEROBIC+exercises%22&quot;&gt;AEROBIC exercises&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: AbstractNonEng
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide is a significant problem requiring immediate preventive measures. One of the triggers for cardiovascular disease is a sedentary lifestyle. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) plays a central role in cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress and regulates key downstream targets such as erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Both EPO and VEGF contribute to erythropoiesis and angiogenesis, essential physiological adaptations to exercise. Previous research confirms that exercise training is known to enhance these pathways, but the acute molecular responses after various exercise modalities remain poorly understood, particularly in less active women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF levels in women with a sedentary lifestyle. Material &amp; Methods. Experimental and control groups before and after were used in this experimental study. People were selected through random sampling, and after they were selected, three groups were formed: the treatment group (RT) n=10 received resistance exercise intervention, the aerobic exercise intervention was given to the treatment group (AT) n=10, while the control group (CO) n=10 did not do any activity, just sitting. This study involved thirty healthy women with a sedentary lifestyle. Women aged 18 to 26 years participated as respondents in this study. Data collection took place over two days, starting with collecting information regarding the characteristics of the subjects. Then, before the exercise, the subjects had their blood drawn as pre- test data. After that, the participants were asked to warm up. Then, the subjects did physical exercises according to their groups. The exercises performed included resistance and aerobic exercises. After the exercise intervention, blood samples were taken as post-test data. Results. The results showed that resistance training was proven to significantly increase HIF-1α (CI 95%; p=0.000; Effect Size: 3.13) p&lt;0.05 and aerobic training was proven to significantly increase HIF-1α levels (CI 95%; p = 0.005; Effect Size: 0.94) p&lt;0.05 compared to the control group. However, the resistance training group was significantly higher than the aerobic group (CI 95%; p=0.002; Effect Size: 1.25) p&lt;0.05. In EPO levels, resistance training significantly increased EPO levels (CI 95%; p=0.000; Effect Size: 1.52) p&lt;0.05, aerobic training also significantly increased EPO levels (CI 95%; p=0.005; Effect Size: 3.15) p&lt;0.05 compared to the control group. There was no difference between resistance training and aerobic training in increasing EPO levels p&gt;0.05. Aerobic training significantly increased VEGF levels (95% CI; p=0.040; Effect Size: 1.13) p&lt;0.05 compared to the control group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the resistance training group and aerobic training or resistance training and the control group (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions. Physical exercise increases levels of HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF. Therefore, it can be an alternative exercise to increase angiogenesis, especially in sedentary women, which can have an impact on preventing cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractNonEng
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objetivo. La prevalencia mundial de las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituye un problema significativo que requiere medidas preventivas inmediatas. Uno de los factores desencadenantes de estas enfermedades es el sedentarismo. El factor inducible por hipoxia 1 alfa (HIF-1α) desempe&#241;a un papel fundamental en la adaptaci&#243;n celular al estr&#233;s hip&#243;xico y regula dianas clave como la eritropoyetina (EPO) y el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF). Tanto la EPO como el VEGF contribuyen a la eritropoyesis y la angiog&#233;nesis, adaptaciones fisiol&#243;gicas esenciales al ejercicio. Investigaciones previas confirman que el entrenamiento f&#237;sico mejora estas v&#237;as, pero las respuestas moleculares agudas tras las distintas modalidades de ejercicio a&#250;n no se comprenden del todo, especialmente en mujeres menos activas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del ejercicio de resistencia y aer&#243;bico sobre los niveles de HIF-1α, EPO y VEGF en mujeres con un estilo de vida sedentario. Material y m&#233;todos. En este estudio experimental se utilizaron grupos experimentales y de control antes y despu&#233;s del ejercicio. Las participantes fueron seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio y, tras su selecci&#243;n, se formaron tres grupos: el grupo de tratamiento (GT), n=10, recibi&#243; una intervenci&#243;n de ejercicio de resistencia; el grupo de tratamiento (GT), n=10, recibi&#243; una intervenci&#243;n de ejercicio aer&#243;bico; y el grupo de control (GC), n=10, permaneci&#243; sentado sin realizar ninguna actividad. Este estudio incluy&#243; a treinta mujeres sanas con un estilo de vida sedentario, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 26 a&#241;os. La recolecci&#243;n de datos se llev&#243; a cabo durante dos d&#237;as, comenzando con la obtenci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n sobre las caracter&#237;sticas de las participantes. Posteriormente, antes del ejercicio, se les extrajo sangre como dato previo a la prueba. A continuaci&#243;n, se les pidi&#243; a las participantes que realizaran un calentamiento. Despu&#233;s, realizaron ejercicios f&#237;sicos seg&#250;n su grupo, incluyendo ejercicios de resistencia y aer&#243;bicos. Tras la intervenci&#243;n, se tomaron muestras de sangre como dato posterior a la prueba. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el entrenamiento de resistencia increment&#243; significativamente los niveles de HIF-1α (IC 95%; p=0,000; Tama&#241;o del efecto: 3,13; p&lt;0,05) y el entrenamiento aer&#243;bico tambi&#233;n increment&#243; significativamente los niveles de HIF-1α (IC 95%; p=0,005; Tama&#241;o del efecto: 0,94; p&lt;0,05) en comparaci&#243;n con el grupo control. Sin embargo, los niveles de HIF-1α fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de entrenamiento de resistencia que en el grupo de entrenamiento aer&#243;bico (IC 95%; p=0,002; Tama&#241;o del efecto: 1,25; p&lt;0,05). En cuanto a los niveles de EPO, el entrenamiento de resistencia increment&#243; significativamente los niveles de EPO (IC 95%; p=0,000; Tama&#241;o del efecto: 1,52; p&lt;0,05), al igual que el entrenamiento aer&#243;bico (IC 95%; p=0,005; Tama&#241;o del efecto: 3,15; p&lt;0,05) en comparaci&#243;n con el grupo control. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre el entrenamiento de resistencia y el entrenamiento aer&#243;bico en el aumento de los niveles de EPO (p &gt; 0,05). El entrenamiento aer&#243;bico increment&#243; significativamente los niveles de VEGF (IC del 95%; p = 0,040; Tama&#241;o del efecto: 1,13) (p &lt; 0,05) en comparaci&#243;n con el grupo control. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de entrenamiento de resistencia y el de entrenamiento aer&#243;bico, ni entre el grupo de entrenamiento de resistencia y el grupo control (p &gt; 0,05). Conclusiones: El ejercicio f&#237;sico aumenta los niveles de HIF-1α, EPO y VEGF. Por lo tanto, puede ser una alternativa para incrementar la angiog&#233;nesis, especialmente en mujeres sedentarias, lo que podr&#237;a tener un impacto en la prevenci&#243;n de enfermedades cardiovasculares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Sport &amp; Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport &amp; Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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