kh2d-solver: A Python library for idealized two-dimensional incompressible Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

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Název: kh2d-solver: A Python library for idealized two-dimensional incompressible Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
Autoři: Herho, S. H. S., Trilaksono, N. J., Fajary, F. R., Napitupulu, G., Anwar, I. P., Khadami, F., Irawan, D. E.
Zdroj: Applied & Computational Mechanics; Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p125-156, 32p
Témata: KELVIN-Helmholtz instability, INCOMPRESSIBLE flow, COMPUTER simulation, PYTHON programming language, SOFTWARE libraries (Computer programming), TURBULENCE, NUMERICAL analysis
Abstrakt: This study presents an open-source Python library for simulating two-dimensional incompressible Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities in stratified shear flows. The solver employs a fractional-step projection method with spectral Poisson solution via fast sine transform (FST). While diffusion and pressure terms achieve second-order spatial accuracy through central differencing and spectral methods respectively, advection employs first-order upwind differencing that provides numerical stability for sharp gradients characteristic of KH billows. Implementation leverages NumPy for array operations, SciPy for spectral methods, and Numba just-in-time (JIT) compilation, balancing computational performance with code transparency and accessibility. Four canonical test cases systematically explore parameter space spanning Reynolds numbers 1 000-5 000 and Richardson numbers 0.1-0.3: classical shear layer, double shear configuration, rotating flow, and forced turbulence. Statistical analysis employing Shannon entropy, complexity indices, and nonparametric tests reveals non-monotonic relationships between flow parameters and mixing efficiency, with double shear layers achieving 4.3 x higher mixing rates than forced turbulence despite lower Reynolds numbers. The developed complexity metrics combining entropy, gradient variability, and higher-order moments provide quantitative benchmarks for turbulence model validation complementing conventional statistical measures. While the two-dimensional framework excludes spanwise secondary instabilities, it isolates primary mixing mechanisms relevant for understanding atmospheric and oceanic transport processes. The solver executes efficiently on standard desktop hardware, with the most demanding 384 x 192 grid simulation completing in approximately 31 minutes for 30 seconds physical time, enabling systematic parameter studies on modest computational resources. Results demonstrate that mixing efficiency depends fundamentally on instability generation pathways rather than intensity measures alone, challenging existing Richardson number-based parameterizations and suggesting refinements for subgrid-scale representation in climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied & Computational Mechanics is the property of University of West Bohemia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: kh2d-solver: A Python library for idealized two-dimensional incompressible Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Herho%2C+S%2E+H%2E+S%2E%22">Herho, S. H. S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trilaksono%2C+N%2E+J%2E%22">Trilaksono, N. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fajary%2C+F%2E+R%2E%22">Fajary, F. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Napitupulu%2C+G%2E%22">Napitupulu, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anwar%2C+I%2E+P%2E%22">Anwar, I. P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khadami%2C+F%2E%22">Khadami, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Irawan%2C+D%2E+E%2E%22">Irawan, D. E.</searchLink>
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  Data: Applied & Computational Mechanics; Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p125-156, 32p
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22KELVIN-Helmholtz+instability%22">KELVIN-Helmholtz instability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INCOMPRESSIBLE+flow%22">INCOMPRESSIBLE flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COMPUTER+simulation%22">COMPUTER simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PYTHON+programming+language%22">PYTHON programming language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SOFTWARE+libraries+%28Computer+programming%29%22">SOFTWARE libraries (Computer programming)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TURBULENCE%22">TURBULENCE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NUMERICAL+analysis%22">NUMERICAL analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study presents an open-source Python library for simulating two-dimensional incompressible Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities in stratified shear flows. The solver employs a fractional-step projection method with spectral Poisson solution via fast sine transform (FST). While diffusion and pressure terms achieve second-order spatial accuracy through central differencing and spectral methods respectively, advection employs first-order upwind differencing that provides numerical stability for sharp gradients characteristic of KH billows. Implementation leverages NumPy for array operations, SciPy for spectral methods, and Numba just-in-time (JIT) compilation, balancing computational performance with code transparency and accessibility. Four canonical test cases systematically explore parameter space spanning Reynolds numbers 1 000-5 000 and Richardson numbers 0.1-0.3: classical shear layer, double shear configuration, rotating flow, and forced turbulence. Statistical analysis employing Shannon entropy, complexity indices, and nonparametric tests reveals non-monotonic relationships between flow parameters and mixing efficiency, with double shear layers achieving 4.3 x higher mixing rates than forced turbulence despite lower Reynolds numbers. The developed complexity metrics combining entropy, gradient variability, and higher-order moments provide quantitative benchmarks for turbulence model validation complementing conventional statistical measures. While the two-dimensional framework excludes spanwise secondary instabilities, it isolates primary mixing mechanisms relevant for understanding atmospheric and oceanic transport processes. The solver executes efficiently on standard desktop hardware, with the most demanding 384 x 192 grid simulation completing in approximately 31 minutes for 30 seconds physical time, enabling systematic parameter studies on modest computational resources. Results demonstrate that mixing efficiency depends fundamentally on instability generation pathways rather than intensity measures alone, challenging existing Richardson number-based parameterizations and suggesting refinements for subgrid-scale representation in climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied & Computational Mechanics is the property of University of West Bohemia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.24132/acm.2025.1040
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: KELVIN-Helmholtz instability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: INCOMPRESSIBLE flow
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      – SubjectFull: COMPUTER simulation
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      – SubjectFull: PYTHON programming language
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              Text: Dec2025
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