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Implementation of Computer Science Unplugged in Schools: A Narrative Review of Outcomes, Motivations, and Pedagogical Perspectives.

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Titel: Implementation of Computer Science Unplugged in Schools: A Narrative Review of Outcomes, Motivations, and Pedagogical Perspectives.
Autoren: Dolenc, Kosta, Boh, Anže
Quelle: Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Jan2026, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p380, 19p
Schlagwörter: EDUCATIONAL outcomes, ACADEMIC motivation, INTERDISCIPLINARY education, SYSTEMS theory, EXPERIENTIAL learning, COMPUTER science education, TEACHER attitudes, BASIC education
Abstract: This review examines the implementation of computer science (CS) unplugged activities in K–12 education, focusing on their impact on educational outcomes, student motivation, and teacher perceptions. A total of 32 relevant studies published between 2009 and 2025 were analysed, including journal articles, conference reports, and book chapters. The findings suggest that CS unplugged generally improves computational thinking (CT) skills, particularly among younger learners and those who have not yet experienced programming concepts. Students often report greater engagement and less anxiety about coding, while teachers appreciate the cost-effective and flexible nature of unplugged lessons. However, inconsistencies are evident in the long-term retention of concepts and the degree of transfer to more advanced or "plug-in" programming tasks. The effective integration of CS unplugged activities often depends on sound teacher training and alignment with broader curriculum objectives. These findings highlight the potential of CS unplugged to improve early computer education, but also highlight the need for longitudinal studies, standardised assessments and systematic transitions from unplugged to digital practice. Given the substantial heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes—and, critically, the inconsistent operationalisation of CT alongside non-standardised testing metrics across studies—we did not aggregate effect sizes; consequently, a formal meta-analysis was not methodologically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: This review examines the implementation of computer science (CS) unplugged activities in K–12 education, focusing on their impact on educational outcomes, student motivation, and teacher perceptions. A total of 32 relevant studies published between 2009 and 2025 were analysed, including journal articles, conference reports, and book chapters. The findings suggest that CS unplugged generally improves computational thinking (CT) skills, particularly among younger learners and those who have not yet experienced programming concepts. Students often report greater engagement and less anxiety about coding, while teachers appreciate the cost-effective and flexible nature of unplugged lessons. However, inconsistencies are evident in the long-term retention of concepts and the degree of transfer to more advanced or "plug-in" programming tasks. The effective integration of CS unplugged activities often depends on sound teacher training and alignment with broader curriculum objectives. These findings highlight the potential of CS unplugged to improve early computer education, but also highlight the need for longitudinal studies, standardised assessments and systematic transitions from unplugged to digital practice. Given the substantial heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes—and, critically, the inconsistent operationalisation of CT alongside non-standardised testing metrics across studies—we did not aggregate effect sizes; consequently, a formal meta-analysis was not methodologically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Sciences (2076-3417) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/app16010380
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        Text: English
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              Text: Jan2026
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