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Unveiling structural effects on the DC conductivity of warm dense matter via terahertz spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction.

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Název: Unveiling structural effects on the DC conductivity of warm dense matter via terahertz spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction.
Autoři: Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K., Descamps, Adrien, Toro, Edna R., Ikeya, Megan, Hansen, Stephanie B., Mo, Mianzhen, Baczewski, Andrew D., Brown, Danielle, Fletcher, Luke B., McBride, Emma E., Shen, Xiaozhe, Weinmann, Anthea, Yang, Jie, Schein, Jochen, Chen, Zhijiang, Wang, Xijie, Glenzer, Siegfried H.
Zdroj: Nature Communications; 11/26/2025, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p
Témata: ELECTRIC conductivity, TERAHERTZ spectroscopy, LASER heating, ELECTRON transport, ION flow dynamics, ELECTRON diffraction, EXCITED states
Abstrakt: Understanding how materials under far-from-equilibrium conditions conduct electricity is vital for modeling planetary interiors, fusion energy, and other high-energy-density environments. Yet direct measurements of electrical conductivity in these states are challenging, as experiments must capture changes in both electronic conditions and atomic arrangement. Here we show, using laser-heated aluminum films, how the electrical conductivity of materials driven to the warm dense matter regime is influenced by temperature and structure. By directly measuring the electrical conductivity using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and observing the atomic arrangement using mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction studies, we separate the impact of these different contributions on the observed sharp drop in the conductivity after laser heating. This approach is broadly applicable for measuring the electrical conductivity of matter laser heated to high-energy-density conditions. Our results are used to benchmark leading theoretical models and highlight the importance of accurately treating both electron and ion dynamics. Using terahertz spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction, the paper shows how the DC conductivity of warm dense matter depends on material phase. This provides insight to how electron scattering processes impact conductivity in this regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Databáze: Complementary Index
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Abstrakt:Understanding how materials under far-from-equilibrium conditions conduct electricity is vital for modeling planetary interiors, fusion energy, and other high-energy-density environments. Yet direct measurements of electrical conductivity in these states are challenging, as experiments must capture changes in both electronic conditions and atomic arrangement. Here we show, using laser-heated aluminum films, how the electrical conductivity of materials driven to the warm dense matter regime is influenced by temperature and structure. By directly measuring the electrical conductivity using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and observing the atomic arrangement using mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction studies, we separate the impact of these different contributions on the observed sharp drop in the conductivity after laser heating. This approach is broadly applicable for measuring the electrical conductivity of matter laser heated to high-energy-density conditions. Our results are used to benchmark leading theoretical models and highlight the importance of accurately treating both electron and ion dynamics. Using terahertz spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction, the paper shows how the DC conductivity of warm dense matter depends on material phase. This provides insight to how electron scattering processes impact conductivity in this regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:20411723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-65559-5