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Soft syndrome iterative decoding of quantum LDPC codes and hardware architectures.

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Title: Soft syndrome iterative decoding of quantum LDPC codes and hardware architectures.
Authors: Raveendran, Nithin, Valls, Javier, Pradhan, Asit Kumar, Rengaswamy, Narayanan, Garcia-Herrero, Francisco, Vasić, Bane
Source: EPJ Quantum Technology; 10/20/2023, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1-21, 21p
Subject Terms: LOW density parity check codes, ITERATIVE decoding, DECODERS & decoding, COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors, LOGICAL fallacies
Abstract: In practical quantum error correction implementations, the measurement of syndrome information is an unreliable step—typically modeled as a binary measurement outcome flipped with some probability. However, the measured syndrome is in fact a discretized value of the continuous voltage or current values obtained in the physical implementation of the syndrome extraction. In this paper, we use this "soft" or analog information to benefit iterative decoders for decoding quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes. Syndrome-based iterative belief propagation decoders are modified to utilize the soft syndrome to correct both data and syndrome errors simultaneously. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme not only in terms of comparison of thresholds and logical error rates for quasi-cyclic lifted-product QLDPC code families but also with faster convergence of iterative decoders. Additionally, we derive hardware (FPGA) architectures of these soft syndrome decoders and obtain similar performance in terms of error correction to the ideal models even with reduced precision in the soft information. The total latency of the hardware architectures is about 600 ns (for the QLDPC codes considered) in a 20 nm CMOS process FPGA device, and the area overhead is almost constant—less than 50% compared to min-sum decoders with noisy syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of EPJ Quantum Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Soft syndrome iterative decoding of quantum LDPC codes and hardware architectures.
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  Data: EPJ Quantum Technology; 10/20/2023, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1-21, 21p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LOW+density+parity+check+codes%22">LOW density parity check codes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ITERATIVE+decoding%22">ITERATIVE decoding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DECODERS+%26+decoding%22">DECODERS & decoding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COMPLEMENTARY+metal+oxide+semiconductors%22">COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LOGICAL+fallacies%22">LOGICAL fallacies</searchLink>
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  Data: In practical quantum error correction implementations, the measurement of syndrome information is an unreliable step—typically modeled as a binary measurement outcome flipped with some probability. However, the measured syndrome is in fact a discretized value of the continuous voltage or current values obtained in the physical implementation of the syndrome extraction. In this paper, we use this "soft" or analog information to benefit iterative decoders for decoding quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes. Syndrome-based iterative belief propagation decoders are modified to utilize the soft syndrome to correct both data and syndrome errors simultaneously. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme not only in terms of comparison of thresholds and logical error rates for quasi-cyclic lifted-product QLDPC code families but also with faster convergence of iterative decoders. Additionally, we derive hardware (FPGA) architectures of these soft syndrome decoders and obtain similar performance in terms of error correction to the ideal models even with reduced precision in the soft information. The total latency of the hardware architectures is about 600 ns (for the QLDPC codes considered) in a 20 nm CMOS process FPGA device, and the area overhead is almost constant—less than 50% compared to min-sum decoders with noisy syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of EPJ Quantum Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-023-00201-1
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              Text: 10/20/2023
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