Adaptation of Range-Doppler Algorithm for Efficient Beamforming of Monostatic and Multistatic Ultrasound Signals.

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Název: Adaptation of Range-Doppler Algorithm for Efficient Beamforming of Monostatic and Multistatic Ultrasound Signals.
Autoři: Jakovljevic, Marko, Michaelides, Roger, Biondi, Ettore, Hyun, Dongwoon, Zebker, Howard A., Dahl, Jeremy J.
Zdroj: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control; Nov2022, Vol. 69 Issue 11, p3165-3178, 14p
Témata: IMAGING phantoms, GRAPHICS processing units, BEAMFORMING, SYNTHETIC apertures, PROCESS capability, SYNTHETIC aperture radar, ULTRASONIC imaging, RADIOSTEREOMETRY, PLANE wavefronts
Abstrakt: Algorithmic changes that increase beamforming speed have become increasingly relevant to processing synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound data. In particular, beamforming SA data in a spatio-temporal frequency domain using the F-k (Stolt) migration have been shown to reduce the beamforming time by up to two orders of magnitude compared with the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, and it has been used in applications where large amounts of raw data make real-time frame rates difficult to attain, such as multistatic SA imaging and plane-wave Doppler imaging with large ensemble lengths. However, beamforming signals in a spatio-temporal Fourier space can require loading large blocks of data at once, making it memory-intensive and less suited for parallel (i.e., multithreaded) processing. As an alternative, we propose beamforming in a range-Doppler (RD) frequency domain using the range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) that has originally been developed for SA radar (SAR) imaging. Through simulation and phantom experiments, we show that RDA achieves similar lateral resolution and contrast compared with DAS and F-k migration. At the same time, higher axial sidelobes in RDA images can be reduced via (temporal) frequency binning. Like the F-k migration, RDA significantly reduces the overall number of computations relative to DAS, and it achieves ten times lower processing time on a single CPU. Because RDA uses only a spatial Fourier transform (FT), it requires two times less memory than the F-k migration to process the simulated multistatic data and can be executed on as many as a thousand parallel threads (compared with eight parallel threads for the F-k migration), making it more suitable for implementation on modern graphics processing units (GPUs). While RDA is not as parallelizable as DAS, it is expected to hold a significant speed advantage on devices with moderate parallel processing capabilities (up to several thousand cores), such as point-of-care and low-cost ultrasound devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Adaptation of Range-Doppler Algorithm for Efficient Beamforming of Monostatic and Multistatic Ultrasound Signals.
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  Data: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control; Nov2022, Vol. 69 Issue 11, p3165-3178, 14p
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Algorithmic changes that increase beamforming speed have become increasingly relevant to processing synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound data. In particular, beamforming SA data in a spatio-temporal frequency domain using the F-k (Stolt) migration have been shown to reduce the beamforming time by up to two orders of magnitude compared with the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, and it has been used in applications where large amounts of raw data make real-time frame rates difficult to attain, such as multistatic SA imaging and plane-wave Doppler imaging with large ensemble lengths. However, beamforming signals in a spatio-temporal Fourier space can require loading large blocks of data at once, making it memory-intensive and less suited for parallel (i.e., multithreaded) processing. As an alternative, we propose beamforming in a range-Doppler (RD) frequency domain using the range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) that has originally been developed for SA radar (SAR) imaging. Through simulation and phantom experiments, we show that RDA achieves similar lateral resolution and contrast compared with DAS and F-k migration. At the same time, higher axial sidelobes in RDA images can be reduced via (temporal) frequency binning. Like the F-k migration, RDA significantly reduces the overall number of computations relative to DAS, and it achieves ten times lower processing time on a single CPU. Because RDA uses only a spatial Fourier transform (FT), it requires two times less memory than the F-k migration to process the simulated multistatic data and can be executed on as many as a thousand parallel threads (compared with eight parallel threads for the F-k migration), making it more suitable for implementation on modern graphics processing units (GPUs). While RDA is not as parallelizable as DAS, it is expected to hold a significant speed advantage on devices with moderate parallel processing capabilities (up to several thousand cores), such as point-of-care and low-cost ultrasound devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3205923
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 3165
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: IMAGING phantoms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: GRAPHICS processing units
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: BEAMFORMING
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SYNTHETIC apertures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PROCESS capability
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      – SubjectFull: SYNTHETIC aperture radar
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      – SubjectFull: ULTRASONIC imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RADIOSTEREOMETRY
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PLANE wavefronts
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Adaptation of Range-Doppler Algorithm for Efficient Beamforming of Monostatic and Multistatic Ultrasound Signals.
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            NameFull: Jakovljevic, Marko
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2022
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