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Modelling Osteoporosis in Pre-Clinical Research-Challenges, Trends and New Approaches.

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Title: Modelling Osteoporosis in Pre-Clinical Research-Challenges, Trends and New Approaches.
Authors: Plank J; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany., Damerau A; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany., Chacon MS; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany., Hoff P; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; Endokrinologikum Berlin, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) am Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin, Germany., Buttgereit F; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany., Pfeiffenberger M; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Source: Cells [Cells] 2025 Oct 22; Vol. 14 (21). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 22.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI
MeSH Terms: Osteoporosis*/pathology , Models, Biological*, Humans ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mass and changes in bone architecture, often leading to fractures and thereby decreased functional status in affected patients. About 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with women being affected earlier in life and more often than men. Various factors, such as genetic background, comorbidities, alcohol abuse, and medications such as glucocorticoids, are known to contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Due to the changing demographics, osteoporosis is becoming increasingly prevalent, and with this, the rate of fractures is expected to increase in the coming years. To investigate therapeutic options for treatment and to elucidate disease-causing mechanisms, various in vivo and in vitro osteoporosis models have been developed. In vivo models, in particular small animal models, remain the gold standard for osteoporosis research and the most used model to illustrate osteoporosis is the ovariectomized mouse. While in vivo models largely reflect the systemic and biological conditions, the transferability of findings to human patients is low and ethical concerns for laboratory animals must be considered. Thanks to tremendous technological improvements, such as on-a-chip platforms and high-end bioreactor systems, sophisticated in vitro models are of growing interest. These models offer the possibility of using complex cell systems, human cells from single donors, and 3D models, thus bridging the transferability gap, providing a platform for the introduction of personalized precision medicine, and ultimately replacing animal testing. Here, we summarize and discuss recent in vivo, in vitro, and in silico osteoporosis research approaches.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: in vitro models; in vivo models; osteoporosis
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251113 Date Completed: 20251113 Latest Revision: 20251116
Update Code: 20251116
PubMed Central ID: PMC12609975
DOI: 10.3390/cells14211649
PMID: 41227294
Database: MEDLINE
Description
Abstract:Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mass and changes in bone architecture, often leading to fractures and thereby decreased functional status in affected patients. About 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with women being affected earlier in life and more often than men. Various factors, such as genetic background, comorbidities, alcohol abuse, and medications such as glucocorticoids, are known to contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Due to the changing demographics, osteoporosis is becoming increasingly prevalent, and with this, the rate of fractures is expected to increase in the coming years. To investigate therapeutic options for treatment and to elucidate disease-causing mechanisms, various in vivo and in vitro osteoporosis models have been developed. In vivo models, in particular small animal models, remain the gold standard for osteoporosis research and the most used model to illustrate osteoporosis is the ovariectomized mouse. While in vivo models largely reflect the systemic and biological conditions, the transferability of findings to human patients is low and ethical concerns for laboratory animals must be considered. Thanks to tremendous technological improvements, such as on-a-chip platforms and high-end bioreactor systems, sophisticated in vitro models are of growing interest. These models offer the possibility of using complex cell systems, human cells from single donors, and 3D models, thus bridging the transferability gap, providing a platform for the introduction of personalized precision medicine, and ultimately replacing animal testing. Here, we summarize and discuss recent in vivo, in vitro, and in silico osteoporosis research approaches.
ISSN:2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells14211649