Multivariate screening of upland cotton genotypes reveals key traits for salt tolerance at the seedling stage.
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| Název: | Multivariate screening of upland cotton genotypes reveals key traits for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. |
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| Autoři: | Anwar Z; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C),Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan., Ditta A; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C),Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan., Riaz Khan MK; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C),Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan. mkrkhan@gmail.com.; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan. mkrkhan@gmail.com. |
| Zdroj: | BMC plant biology [BMC Plant Biol] 2025 Oct 23; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 1448. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 23. |
| Způsob vydávání: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Informace o časopise: | Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967807 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2229 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712229 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Plant Biol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001- |
| Výrazy ze slovníku MeSH: | Gossypium*/genetics , Gossypium*/physiology , Gossypium*/growth & development , Gossypium*/drug effects , Seedlings*/genetics , Seedlings*/physiology , Seedlings*/growth & development , Seedlings*/drug effects , Salt Tolerance*/genetics, Genotype ; Multivariate Analysis ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; Salt Stress ; Plant Roots/physiology ; Oxidative Stress |
| Abstrakt: | Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Background: Soil salinity poses a serious threat to cotton production worldwide by impairing growth, yield, and fiber quality. Salt stress disrupts key morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes in cotton plants, leading to considerable reductions in productivity. Therefore, identifying salt-tolerant cotton genotypes is essential for improving crop performance in saline environments. Methods: In this study, fifty-one cotton genotypes were evaluated for their response to salinity stress at the seedling stage. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture under controlled glasshouse conditions and subjected to 200 mM NaCl to simulate salt stress. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, and data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate approaches, including principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap analysis, and the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI). Results: ANOVA showed significant variation among genotypes for all traits. Salt stress caused significant reductions in growth traits, including shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, water relation traits, gaseous exchange traits and photosynthetic pigments. In contrast, excised leaf water loss (ELWL), sodium (Na + )accumulation in roots and shoots, oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA), osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine (GB), and saponin, and antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) increased, while potassium contents (K + ) and sodium to potassium ratio (K⁺/Na + ) decreased. Under control conditions, PCA showed little variation, whereas under salt stress, it explained 64.8% of the variance and separated growth- from stress-related traits. Heatmap analysis confirmed these patterns and grouped genotypes into three clusters based on ion homeostasis and oxidative stress traits. MGIDI index integrated all traits into a single score and identified superior genotypes like G2 (NIAB-868), G22 (NIA-Noori), G32 (FH-530), G3 (NIAB-878-B), G49 (FH-911), G28 (FH-416), G33 (FH-534), and G39 (FH-546). Conclusion: These findings suggest that multivariate and multi-trait screening at the seedling stage is a useful method for identifying cotton germplasm with salt tolerance, providing a foundation for breeding programs and further field evaluation that may contribute to stable yields under saline conditions. (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Cotton; Ion homeostasis; K⁺/Na⁺ ratio; MGIDI index; Multivariate analysis; Osmotic adjustment; Salinity stress |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251023 Date Completed: 20251024 Latest Revision: 20251027 |
| Update Code: | 20251027 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12548190 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12870-025-07354-4 |
| PMID: | 41131482 |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.<br />Background: Soil salinity poses a serious threat to cotton production worldwide by impairing growth, yield, and fiber quality. Salt stress disrupts key morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes in cotton plants, leading to considerable reductions in productivity. Therefore, identifying salt-tolerant cotton genotypes is essential for improving crop performance in saline environments.<br />Methods: In this study, fifty-one cotton genotypes were evaluated for their response to salinity stress at the seedling stage. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture under controlled glasshouse conditions and subjected to 200 mM NaCl to simulate salt stress. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, and data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate approaches, including principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap analysis, and the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI).<br />Results: ANOVA showed significant variation among genotypes for all traits. Salt stress caused significant reductions in growth traits, including shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, water relation traits, gaseous exchange traits and photosynthetic pigments. In contrast, excised leaf water loss (ELWL), sodium (Na <sup>+</sup> )accumulation in roots and shoots, oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA), osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine (GB), and saponin, and antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) increased, while potassium contents (K <sup>+</sup> ) and sodium to potassium ratio (K⁺/Na <sup>+</sup> ) decreased. Under control conditions, PCA showed little variation, whereas under salt stress, it explained 64.8% of the variance and separated growth- from stress-related traits. Heatmap analysis confirmed these patterns and grouped genotypes into three clusters based on ion homeostasis and oxidative stress traits. MGIDI index integrated all traits into a single score and identified superior genotypes like G2 (NIAB-868), G22 (NIA-Noori), G32 (FH-530), G3 (NIAB-878-B), G49 (FH-911), G28 (FH-416), G33 (FH-534), and G39 (FH-546).<br />Conclusion: These findings suggest that multivariate and multi-trait screening at the seedling stage is a useful method for identifying cotton germplasm with salt tolerance, providing a foundation for breeding programs and further field evaluation that may contribute to stable yields under saline conditions.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
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| ISSN: | 1471-2229 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12870-025-07354-4 |